Gut microbiome
View article: Gut microbiome modulates response to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients
Gut microbiome modulates response to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients Open
Good bacteria help fight cancer Resident gut bacteria can affect patient responses to cancer immunotherapy (see the Perspective by Jobin). Routy et al. show that antibiotic consumption is associated with poor response to immunotherapeutic …
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Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health Open
Recent studies have suggested that the intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating risk of several chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. At the…
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Population-level analysis of gut microbiome variation Open
“Normal” for the gut microbiota For the benefit of future clinical studies, it is critical to establish what constitutes a “normal” gut microbiome, if it exists at all. Through fecal samples and questionnaires, Falony et al. and Zhernakova…
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Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights Open
The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to the regulation of host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types of crosstalk with our organs. Because of the d…
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Role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology Open
A substantial body of literature has provided evidence for the role of gut microbiota in metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. However, reports vary regarding the association of particular taxonomic groups with disease. In this sys…
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Human gut microbiome: hopes, threats and promises Open
The microbiome has received increasing attention over the last 15 years. Although gut microbes have been explored for several decades, investigations of the role of microorganisms that reside in the human gut has attracted much attention b…
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The Effect of Probiotics on the Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids by Human Intestinal Microbiome Open
The relationship between diet and the diversity and function of the intestinal microbiome and its importance for human health is currently the subject of many studies. The type and proportion of microorganisms found in the intestines can d…
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The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health Open
Consuming polyphenols is associated with benefits to cardiometabolic health and brain function, which are driven by their complex interrelationship with the gut microbiome, their bioactive metabolites, and other phytochemicals.
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Psychobiotics and the Manipulation of Bacteria–Gut–Brain Signals Open
Psychobiotics were previously defined as live bacteria (probiotics) which, when ingested, confer mental health benefits through interactions with commensal gut bacteria. We expand this definition to encompass prebiotics, which enhance the …
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Consequences of bile salt biotransformations by intestinal bacteria Open
Emerging evidence strongly suggest that the human "microbiome" plays an important role in both health and disease. Bile acids function both as detergents molecules promoting nutrient absorption in the intestines and as hormones regulating …
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Next-Generation Beneficial Microbes: The Case of Akkermansia muciniphila Open
Metabolic disorders associated with obesity and cardiometabolic disorders are worldwide epidemic. Among the different environmental factors, the gut microbiota is now considered as a key player interfering with energy metabolism and host s…
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Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease Open
Fecal microbial community changes are associated with numerous disease states, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, such data are merely associative. A causal contribution for gut microbiota in CVD has been further supported by…
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The Gut Microbiota of Marine Fish Open
The body of work relating to the gut microbiota of fish is dwarfed by that on humans and mammals. However, it is a field that has had historical interest and has grown significantly along with the expansion of the aquaculture industry and …
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The gut microbiome: Relationships with disease and opportunities for therapy Open
Over the past decade, our view of human-associated microbes has expanded beyond that of a few species toward an appreciation of the diverse and niche-specialized microbial communities that develop in the human host with chronological age. …
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American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research Open
We show that a citizen science, self-selected cohort shipping samples through the mail at room temperature recaptures many known microbiome results from clinically collected cohorts and reveals new ones. Of particular interest is integrati…
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Interaction between drugs and the gut microbiome Open
The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem that can mediate the interaction of the human host with their environment. The interaction between gut microbes and commonly used non-antibiotic drugs is complex and bidirectional: gut microb…
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Benefaction of probiotics for human health: A review Open
Humans are a unique reservoir of heterogeneous and vivacious group of microbes, which together forms the human-microbiome superorganism. Human gut serves as a home to over 100-1000 microbial species, which primarily modulate the host inter…
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Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease medications have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome Open
Background There is mounting evidence for a connection between the gut and Parkinson's disease (PD). Dysbiosis of gut microbiota could explain several features of PD. Objective The objective of this study was to determine if PD involves dy…
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Health and disease markers correlate with gut microbiome composition across thousands of people Open
Variation in the human gut microbiome can reflect host lifestyle and behaviors and influence disease biomarker levels in the blood. Understanding the relationships between gut microbes and host phenotypes are critical for understanding wel…
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Dietary fiber and probiotics influence the gut microbiome and melanoma immunotherapy response Open
Another benefit of dietary fiber The gut microbiome can modulate the immune system and influence the therapeutic response of cancer patients, yet the mechanisms underlying the effects of microbiota are presently unclear. Spencer et al . ad…
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Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration Open
The human gut is inhabited by trillions of microorganisms composing a dynamic ecosystem implicated in health and disease. The composition of the gut microbiota is unique to each individual and tends to remain relatively stable throughout l…
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Gut microbiome analysis as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for early hepatocellular carcinoma Open
Objective To characterise gut microbiome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluate the potential of microbiome as non-invasive biomarkers for HCC. Design We collected 486 faecal samples from East China, Central China and…
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The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Review Open
The gastrointestinal microbiome is a diverse consortium of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses that inhabit the gut of all mammals. Studies in humans and other mammals have implicated the microbiome in a range of physiologic pr…
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Interplay between the human gut microbiome and host metabolism Open
The human gut is inhabited by a complex and metabolically active microbial ecosystem. While many studies focused on the effect of individual microbial taxa on human health, their overall metabolic potential has been under-explored. Using w…
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The gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia modulates the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle and schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in mice Open
New findings suggest that schizophrenia may be linked to gut bacteria.
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The Western Diet–Microbiome-Host Interaction and Its Role in Metabolic Disease Open
The dietary pattern that characterizes the Western diet is strongly associated with obesity and related metabolic diseases, but biological mechanisms supporting these associations remain largely unknown. We argue that the Western diet prom…
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Gut microbiome stability and resilience: elucidating the response to perturbations in order to modulate gut health Open
The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem, densely colonised by thousands of microbial species. It varies among individuals and depends on host genotype and environmental factors, such as diet and antibiotics. In this review, we focu…
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Short chain fatty acids and its producing organisms: An overlooked therapy for IBD? Open
The gut microbiome and the intestinal immune system are driving contributors to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Both have an important signalling factor in common: short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate…
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The gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome Open
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that, if left untreated, will often progress to greater metabolic defects such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. While these risk factors have been est…
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The Gut–Brain Axis Open
Preclinical evidence has firmly established bidirectional interactions among the brain, the gut, and the gut microbiome. Candidate signaling molecules and at least three communication channels have been identified. Communication within thi…