Microglia ≈ Microglia
View article: Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models
Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models Open
Too much cleaning up The complement system and microglia seek out and destroy unwanted cellular debris for the peripheral immune system as well as excess synapses in the developing brain. Hong et al. now show how the system may go haywire …
View article
Microglia Function in the Central Nervous System During Health and Neurodegeneration Open
Microglia are resident cells of the brain that regulate brain development, maintenance of neuronal networks, and injury repair. Microglia serve as brain macrophages but are distinct from other tissue macrophages owing to their unique homeo…
View article
Inflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer's disease Open
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by cognitive decline and the presence of two core pathologies, amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Over the last decade, the presence of …
View article
Microglia in Alzheimer’s disease Open
Proliferation and activation of microglia in the brain, concentrated around amyloid plaques, is a prominent feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Human genetics data point to a key role for microglia in the pathogenesis of AD. The majority …
View article
New tools for studying microglia in the mouse and human CNS Open
Significance Microglia are the tissue resident macrophages of the brain and spinal cord, implicated in important developmental, homeostatic, and disease processes, although our understanding of their roles is complicated by an inability to…
View article
Microglia in Physiology and Disease Open
As the immune-competent cells of the brain, microglia play an increasingly important role in maintaining normal brain function. They invade the brain early in development, transform into a highly ramified phenotype, and constantly screen t…
View article
Neuroinflammation and Central Sensitization in Chronic and Widespread Pain Open
Chronic pain is maintained in part by central sensitization, a phenomenon of synaptic plasticity, and increased neuronal responsiveness in central pain pathways after painful insults. Accumulating evidence suggests that central sensitizati…
View article
Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility Open
Genetic roots of multiple sclerosis The genetics underlying who develops multiple sclerosis (MS) have been difficult to work out. Examining more than 47,000 cases and 68,000 controls with multiple genome-wide association studies, the Inter…
View article
An environment-dependent transcriptional network specifies human microglia identity Open
Of mice and men's microglia Microglia are immune system cells that function in protecting and maintaining the brain. Gosselin et al. examined the epigenetics and RNA transcripts from single microglial cells and observed consistent profiles…
View article
Pain regulation by non-neuronal cells and inflammation Open
Acute pain is protective and a cardinal feature of inflammation. Chronic pain after arthritis, nerve injury, cancer, and chemotherapy is associated with chronic neuroinflammation, a local inflammation in the peripheral or central nervous s…
View article
Normal aging induces A1-like astrocyte reactivity Open
The decline of cognitive function occurs with aging, but the mechanisms responsible are unknown. Astrocytes instruct the formation, maturation, and elimination of synapses, and impairment of these functions has been implicated in many dise…
View article
Alzheimer’s disease: pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics Open
Currently, 47 million people live with dementia globally, and it is estimated to increase more than threefold (~131 million) by 2050. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major causative factors to induce progressive dementia. AD is a ne…
View article
Decoupling genetics, lineages, and microenvironment in IDH-mutant gliomas by single-cell RNA-seq Open
Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies a common origin for specific types of human glioma brain tumors.
View article
Overview of General and Discriminating Markers of Differential Microglia Phenotypes Open
Inflammatory processes and microglia activation accompany most of the pathophysiological diseases in the central nervous system. It is proven that glial pathology precedes and even drives the development of multiple neurodegenerative condi…
View article
Single-cell genomics identifies cell type–specific molecular changes in autism Open
Brain cell transcriptomes in autism Autism manifests in many ways. Despite that diversity, the disorder seems to affect specific cellular pathways, including those observed in the neocortex of patients' brains. Velmeshev et al. analyzed th…
View article
ROS Generation in Microglia: Understanding Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease Open
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, are a global public health burden with poorly understood aetiology. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are undoubtedly hallmarks of neurodegeneration, contributing to disea…
View article
Inflammation in CNS neurodegenerative diseases Open
Summary Neurodegenerative diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and disability, are gaining increased attention as they impose a considerable socioeconomic impact, due in part to the ageing community. Neuronal damage is a pathological h…
View article
Glia as architects of central nervous system formation and function Open
Glia constitute roughly half of the cells of the central nervous system (CNS) but were long-considered to be static bystanders to its formation and function. Here we provide an overview of how the diverse and dynamic functions of glial cel…
View article
Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (Review) Open
Neurodegeneration is a phenomenon that occurs in the central nervous system through the hallmarks associating the loss of neuronal structure and function. Neurodegeneration is observed after viral insult and mostly in various so-called 'ne…
View article
Microglia in Alzheimer’s disease Open
Microglia are brain-resident myeloid cells that mediate key functions to support the CNS. Microglia express a wide range of receptors that act as molecular sensors, which recognize exogenous or endogenous CNS insults and initiate an immune…
View article
Sustained microglial depletion with CSF1R inhibitor impairs parenchymal plaque development in an Alzheimer’s disease model Open
Many risk genes for the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are exclusively or highly expressed in myeloid cells. Microglia are dependent on colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling for their survival. We designed and syn…
View article
Neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes cognitive impairment in mice Open
In this study, we investigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in C57BL/6J mice by using behavioral tests, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. We found…
View article
TREM2-mediated early microglial response limits diffusion and toxicity of amyloid plaques Open
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglial receptor that recognizes changes in the lipid microenvironment, which may occur during amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (A…
View article
Temporal Tracking of Microglia Activation in Neurodegeneration at Single-Cell Resolution Open
Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages in the brain, are damage sensors that react to nearly any perturbation, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we determined…
View article
Microglia remodel synapses by presynaptic trogocytosis and spine head filopodia induction Open
Microglia are highly motile glial cells that are proposed to mediate synaptic pruning during neuronal circuit formation. Disruption of signaling between microglia and neurons leads to an excess of immature synaptic connections, thought to …
View article
Brain cell type–specific enhancer–promoter interactome maps and disease <b>-</b> risk association Open
Linking enhancers to disease Enhancers are genomic regions that regulate gene expression, sometimes in a cell-dependent manner. However, most of our knowledge of human brain cell–type enhancers derives from studies of bulk human brain tiss…
View article
Neuroinflammation, Stroke, Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction, and Imaging Modalities Open
Maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is crucial for the homeostasis of the central nervous system. Structurally comprising the BBB, brain endothelial cells interact with pericytes, astrocytes, neurons, microglia, and perivascula…
View article
Microglia Polarization From M1 to M2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases Open
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Microglia can be categoriz…
View article
Microglia in Neurological Diseases: A Road Map to Brain-Disease Dependent-Inflammatory Response Open
Microglia represent a specialized population of macrophages-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS) considered immune sentinels that are capable of orchestrating a potent inflammatory response. Microglia are also involved in synapti…
View article
Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications Open
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although the molecular bases for PD development are still li…