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An overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria Open
Resistance to antimicrobial agents has become a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. When antibiotics were first introduced in the 1900's, it was thought that we had won the war against microorganisms. It was soon discovered …
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Microbial Phosphorus Solubilization and Its Potential for Use in Sustainable Agriculture Open
The use of excess conventional Phosphorus (P) fertilizers to improve agricultural productivity, in order to meet constantly increasing global food demand, potentially causes surface and ground water pollution, waterway eutrophication, soil…
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The Role of Soil Microorganisms in Plant Mineral Nutrition—Current Knowledge and Future Directions Open
In their natural environment, plants are part of a rich ecosystem including numerous and diverse microorganisms in the soil. It has been long recognized that some of these microbes, such as mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen fixing symbiotic ba…
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Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Agricultural Sustainability—A Review Open
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) shows an important role in the sustainable agriculture industry. The increasing demand for crop production with a significant reduction of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides use is a b…
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Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Ecological Function and Impact on Soil Aggregation Open
A wide range of microorganisms produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), highly hydrated polymers that are mainly composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. EPS are fundamental for microbial life and provide an ideal environme…
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Current State of Knowledge in Microbial Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): A Review Open
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) include a group of organic priority pollutants of critical environmental and public health concern due to their toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties and their ubiquitous occurre…
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Mechanisms of action of plant growth promoting bacteria Open
The idea of eliminating the use of fertilizers which are sometimes environmentally unsafe is slowly becoming a reality because of the emergence of microorganisms that can serve the same purpose or even do better. Depletion of soil nutrient…
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Microbial and Enzymatic Degradation of Synthetic Plastics Open
Synthetic plastics are pivotal in our current lifestyle and therefore, its accumulation is a major concern for environment and human health. Petroleum-derived (petro-)polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), po…
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Antibiotics in the Soil Environment—Degradation and Their Impact on Microbial Activity and Diversity Open
Antibiotics play a key role in the management of infectious diseases in humans, animals, livestock, and aquacultures all over the world. The release of increasing amount of antibiotics into waters and soils creates a potential threat to al…
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Lignin degradation: microorganisms, enzymes involved, genomes analysis and evolution Open
Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to describing degradation of wood, which is a complex process; hence, microorganisms have evolved different enzymatic and non-enzymatic strategies to utilize this plentiful plant material. Thi…
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Biofilms: The Microbial “Protective Clothing” in Extreme Environments Open
Microbial biofilms are communities of aggregated microbial cells embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms are recalcitrant to extreme environments, and can protect microorganisms from ultravi…
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Guidance on the characterisation of microorganisms used as feed additives or as production organisms Open
This guidance document is intended to assist the applicant in the preparation and the presentation of an application, as foreseen in Article 7.6 of Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003, for the authorisation of additives for use in animal nutritio…
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Rhizosphere bacteriome structure and functions Open
Microbial composition and functions in the rhizosphere—an important microbial hotspot—are among the most fascinating yet elusive topics in microbial ecology. We used 557 pairs of published 16S rDNA amplicon sequences from the bulk soils an…
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Toxicity and Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Ecosystem from Tannery Wastewater: A Review Open
The discharge of untreated tannery wastewater containing biotoxic substances of heavy metals in the ecosystem is one of the most important environmental and health challenges in our society. Hence, there is a growing need for the developme…
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Metabolism Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria and the Expanding Applications in Food Industry Open
Lactic acid bacteria are a kind of microorganisms that can ferment carbohydrates to produce lactic acid, and are currently widely used in the fermented food industry. In recent years, with the excellent role of lactic acid bacteria in the …
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Bacterial Exopolysaccharide mediated heavy metal removal: A Review on biosynthesis, mechanism and remediation strategies Open
Heavy metal contamination has been recognized as a major public health risk, particularly in developing countries and their toxicological manifestations are well known. Conventional remediation strategies are either expensive or they gener…
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Review on the current status of polymer degradation: a microbial approach Open
Inertness and the indiscriminate use of synthetic polymers leading to increased land and water pollution are of great concern. Plastic is the most useful synthetic polymer, employed in wide range of applications viz. the packaging industri…
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Review: Diversity of Microorganisms in Global Fermented Foods and Beverages Open
Culturalable and non-culturable microorganisms naturally ferment majority of global fermented foods and beverages. Traditional food fermentation represents an extremely valuable cultural heritage in most regions, and harbors a huge genetic…
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Microbial Fermentation and Its Role in Quality Improvement of Fermented Foods Open
Fermentation processes in foods often lead to changes in nutritional and biochemical quality relative to the starting ingredients. Fermented foods comprise very complex ecosystems consisting of enzymes from raw ingredients that interact wi…
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Understanding the Mechanism of Bacterial Biofilms Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents Open
A biofilm is a group of microorganisms, that causes health problems for the patients with indwelling medical devices via attachment of cells to the surface matrix. It increases the resistance of a microorganism for antimicrobial agents and…
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A synthetic pathway for the fixation of carbon dioxide in vitro Open
Optimizing designer metabolisms in vitro Biological carbon fixation requires several enzymes to turn CO 2 into biomass. Although this pathway evolved in plants, algae, and microorganisms over billions of years, many reactions and enzymes c…
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Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms: Promising Approach as Biofertilizers Open
Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient required for the proper functioning of plants. Because P plays a vital role in every aspect of plant growth and development, deficiencies can reduce plant growth and development. Though soil possesses tota…
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Comparative Transcriptomics of Bacillus mycoides Strains in Response to Potato-Root Exudates Reveals Different Genetic Adaptation of Endophytic and Soil Isolates Open
Plant root secreted compounds alter the gene expression of associated microorganisms by acting as signal molecules that either stimulate or repel the interaction with beneficial or harmful species, respectively. However, it is still unclea…
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Plant Growth Promoting and Biocontrol Activity of Streptomyces spp. as Endophytes Open
There has been many recent studies on the use of microbial antagonists to control diseases incited by soilborne and airborne plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, in an attempt to replace existing methods of chemical control and avoid exten…
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Antimicrobial Action of Compounds from Marine Seaweed Open
Seaweed produces metabolites aiding in the protection against different environmental stresses. These compounds show antiviral, antiprotozoal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. Macroalgae can be cultured in high volumes and would r…
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Biofilms as Promoters of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance Open
Multidrug resistant bacteria are a global threat for human and animal health. However, they are only part of the problem of antibiotic failure. Another bacterial strategy that contributes to their capacity to withstand antimicrobials is th…
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Recent Strategies for Bioremediation of Emerging Pollutants: A Review for a Green and Sustainable Environment Open
Environmental pollution brought on by xenobiotics and other related recalcitrant compounds have recently been identified as a major risk to both human health and the natural environment. Due to their toxicity and non-biodegradability, a wi…
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Microbial response to acid stress: mechanisms and applications Open
Microorganisms encounter acid stress during multiple bioprocesses. Microbial species have therefore developed a variety of resistance mechanisms. The damage caused by acidic environments is mitigated through the maintenance of pH homeostas…
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Trichoderma: The “Secrets” of a Multitalented Biocontrol Agent Open
The plant-Trichoderma-pathogen triangle is a complicated web of numerous processes. Trichoderma spp. are avirulent opportunistic plant symbionts. In addition to being successful plant symbiotic organisms, Trichoderma spp. also behave as a …
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PlasFlow: predicting plasmid sequences in metagenomic data using genome signatures Open
Plasmids are mobile genetics elements that play an important role in the environmental adaptation of microorganisms. Although plasmids are usually analyzed in cultured microorganisms, there is a need for methods that allow for the analysis…