Historical record
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Historical sunspot records Open
Sunspot observations are available in fairly good numbers since 1610, after the invention of the telescope. This review is concerned with those sunspot observations of which longer records and drawings in particular are available. Those re…
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Source of the 1730 Chilean earthquake from historical records: Implications for the future tsunami hazard on the coast of Metropolitan Chile Open
Historical records of an earthquake that occurred in 1730 affecting Metropolitan Chile provide essential clues on the source characteristics for the future earthquakes in the region. The earthquake and tsunami of 1730 have been recognized …
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The Revised Sunspot Record in Comparison to Cosmogenic Radionuclide-Based Solar Activity Reconstructions Open
Recent revisions in the sunspot records illustrate the challenges related to obtaining a 400-year-long observational record of past solar-activity changes. Cosmogenic radionuclides offer the possibility of obtaining an alternative and comp…
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Intense Hurricane Activity Over the Past 1500 Years at South Andros Island, The Bahamas Open
Hurricanes cause substantial loss of life and resources in coastal areas. Unfortunately, historical hurricane records are too short and incomplete to capture hurricane‐climate interactions on multi‐decadal and longer timescales. Coarse‐gra…
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Rapid Atlantification along the Fram Strait at the beginning of the 20th century Open
Subpolar Atlantic dynamics drive Arctic climate at the onset of the 20th century.
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Deciphering Human Contributions to Yellow River Flow Reductions and Downstream Drying Using Centuries‐Long Tree Ring Records Open
The Yellow River flow has decreased substantially in recent decades, and the river often dried up in the lower reach and failed to reach the sea. Climate change and human disruption have been suggested as major causes of the flow reduction…
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The Likelihood of Recent Record Warmth Open
2014 was nominally the warmest year on record for both the globe and northern hemisphere based on historical records spanning the past one and a half centuries 1,2 . It was the latest in a recent run of record temperatures spanning the pas…
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Better Understanding Disasters by Better Using History: Systematically Using the Historical Record as One Way to Advance Research into Disasters Open
This paper argues that the understanding of causes and effects of hazards and shocks could be furthered by making more explicit and systematic use of the historical record, that is, by using ‘the past’ as a laboratory to test hypotheses in…
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Medical Records: A Historical Narrative Open
The history of medical records is thousand-year-long, with earlier roots in ancient civilizations. Until the 19th century, medical records mainly served educational purposes, later assuming other roles such as in insurance or legal procedu…
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Imbricated Coastal Boulder Deposits are Formed by Storm Waves, and Can Preserve a Long-Term Storminess Record Open
Coastal boulder deposits (CBD) are archives of extreme wave events. They are emplaced well above high tide, and may include megagravel clasts weighing tens or even hundreds of tonnes. But do they represent storms or tsunami? Many are inter…
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Record temperature streak bears anthropogenic fingerprint Open
We use a previously developed semiempirical approach to assess the likelihood of the sequence of consecutive record‐breaking temperatures in 2014–2016. This approach combines information from historical temperature data and state‐of‐the‐ar…
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Enhanced risk of record-breaking regional temperatures during the 2023–24 El Niño Open
In 2023, the development of El Niño is poised to drive a global upsurge in surface air temperatures (SAT), potentially resulting in unprecedented warming worldwide. Nevertheless, the regional patterns of SAT anomalies remain diverse, obscu…
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Central Tibetan famines 1280–1400: when premodern climate change and bad governance starved Tibet Open
From the late-1200s to the mid-1400s, the river valleys of Central Tibet experienced both droughts and political upheavals. This combination of inclement weather and administrative dysfunction led to a series of famines. Although the famin…
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Centennial‐Scale Shifts in Storm Frequency Captured in Paleohurricane Records From The Bahamas Arise Predominantly From Random Variability Open
Event‐based paleohurricane reconstructions of the last millennium indicate dramatic changes in the frequency of landfalling hurricanes on centennial timescales. It is difficult to assess whether the variability captured in these paleorecor…
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Re-examination of the age of historical and paleo-tsunami deposits at Koyadori on the Sanriku Coast, Northeast Japan Open
High-accuracy age estimations of tsunami deposits are very important for tsunami deposit research because the recurrence interval and frequency of tsunami deposits allow us to assess the devastating impacts of tsunamis in a populated count…
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Understanding history, historical thinking, and historical consciousness, in learning history: An ex post-facto correlation Open
This study aims to analyze the relationship between historical understanding, historical thinking, towards historical consciousness in learning history. This type of research is ex post-facto with a correlational design. The population is …
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A Brief History of Record Management at the National Archives Open
Work on the official history of criminal justice prompted Paul Rock's interest in why it was that so many government papers, amounting to some 98% of the files produced, have been destroyed over the years. Successive crises in the accumula…
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New national and regional bryophyte records, 49 Open
International audience
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CULTURAL HERITAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND VIDEOS Open
Historical archives save invaluable treasures and play a critical role in the conservation of Cultural Heritage. Old photographs and videos, which have survived over time and stored in these archives, preserve traces of architecture and ur…
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The forgotten drought of 1765–1768: Reconstructing and re‐evaluating historical droughts in the British and Irish Isles Open
Historical precipitation records are fundamental for the management of water resources, yet rainfall observations typically span 100–150 years at most, with considerable uncertainties surrounding earlier records. Here, we analyse some of t…
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A Continuous Record of Central Tropical Pacific Climate Since the Midnineteenth Century Reconstructed From Fanning and Palmyra Island Corals: A Case Study in Coral Data Reanalysis Open
Accurate estimation of central tropical Pacific (CTP) climate variability on interannual to centennial time scales is required for robust projections of future global climate trends. Here we outline an approach that blends instrumental and…
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Historical citizen science to understand and predict climate-driven trout decline Open
Historical species records offer an excellent opportunity to test the predictive ability of range forecasts under climate change, but researchers often consider that historical records are scarce and unreliable, besides the datasets collec…
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Nine Hundred Years of Weekly Streamflows: Stochastic Downscaling of Ensemble Tree‐Ring Reconstructions Open
We combined the methods and advantages of stochastic hydrology and paleohydrology to estimate 900 years of weekly flows for the North and South Saskatchewan Rivers at Edmonton and Medicine Hat, Alberta, respectively. Regression models of w…
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Enhanced flood hazard assessment beyond decadal climate cycles based on centennial historical data (Duero basin, Spain) Open
Current climate modelling frameworks present significant uncertainties when it comes to quantifying flood quantiles in the context of climate change, calling for new information and strategies in hazard assessments. Here, state-of-the-art …
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Dealing with the deluge of historical weather data: the example of the <span>TEMPEST</span> database Open
People have long been interested in the history of weather, particularly extremes, and chronologies of past events drawing on information from written records have been compiled and published throughout history. In recent years, concern ov…
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Reconstructions of droughts in Germany since 1500 – combining hermeneutic information and instrumental records in historical and modern perspectives Open
The present article deals with the reconstruction of drought time series in Germany since 1500. The reconstructions are based on historical records from the virtual research environment Tambora (tambora.org, 2018) and official instrumental…
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Regional and global under-recording of large explosive eruptions in the last 1000 years Open
Recording probabilities for large-magnitude (M≥4) explosive eruptions are assessed regionally over the last 1000 years, using the LaMEVE database. Although the uncertainty is large, due to the scarcity of large eruptions, it does not swamp…
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Sequential Landfall of Tropical Cyclones in the United States: From Historical Records to Climate Projections Open
In this study, we examine sequential landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) along U.S. East and Gulf Coasts. We find that Florida and Louisiana are most prone to sequential landfall risk. The minimal time between sequential landfalling TC has…
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Human lifespan records are not remarkable but their durations are Open
Has the maximum human lifespan been reached? The current record stands at 122 years, 164 days and has held for over 20 years and is more than four and three quarter years higher than the previous record. The value and persistence of this r…
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Study of the Last Volcanic Activity on Historical Records on Jeju Island, Korea Open
제주도 역사시대 화산활동 기록의 실체를 밝히고자 제주도에서 가장 젊은 화산으로 추정되는 화산 3곳에 대하여 방사성탄소연대 및 광여기루미네선스연대를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 송악산은 최소 3.8 ka 전 이후, 비양도는 최소 4.5 ka 전 이전, 일출봉은 6~7 ka 전 이후에 분출한 화산으로 파악된다. 이번 연대분석 결과로 고문헌상의 천 년 전 화산을 밝혀내지는 못했다. 하지만, 역사기록 재해석을 통해 1002년과 1007년…