Reproduction ≈ ReproductionReproduction
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Oyster reproduction is affected by exposure to polystyrene microplastics Open
Significance Plastics are a contaminant of emerging concern accumulating in marine ecosystems. Plastics tend to break down into small particles, called microplastics, which also enter the marine environment directly as fragments from a var…
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Complexity of the Basic Reproduction Number (R<sub>0</sub>) Open
The basic reproduction number (R0), also called the basic reproduction ratio or rate or the basic reproductive rate, is an epidemiologic metric used to describe the contagiousness or transmissibility of infectious agents. R0 is affected by…
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Reproduction numbers of infectious disease models Open
This primer article focuses on the basic reproduction number, , for infectious diseases, and other reproduction numbers related to that are useful in guiding control strategies. Beginning with a simple population model, the concept is deve…
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Mechanisms to Mitigate the Trade-Off between Growth and Defense Open
Plants have evolved an array of defenses against pathogens. However, mounting a defense response frequently comes with the cost of a reduction in growth and reproduction, carrying critical implications for natural and agricultural populati…
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Regulatory Pathways Controlling Female Insect Reproduction Open
The synthesis of vitellogenin and its uptake by maturing oocytes during egg maturation are essential for successful female reproduction. These events are regulated by the juvenile hormones and ecdysteroids and by the nutritional signaling …
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Impact of Microplastic Beads and Fibers on Waterflea (<i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i>) Survival, Growth, and Reproduction: Implications of Single and Mixture Exposures Open
There is limited knowledge regarding the adverse effects of wastewater-derived microplastics, particularly fibers, on aquatic biota. In this study, we examined the acute (48 h) and chronic (8 d) effects of microplastic polyester fibers and…
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The Organizational Reproduction of Inequality Open
With societal inequalities continuing to increase and organizations providing the vast majority of people with their income, we wanted to assess the ways in which organizational practices are implicated in the burgeoning of social and econ…
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Preliminary prediction of the basic reproduction number of the Wuhan novel coronavirus 2019‐nCoV Open
Objectives To estimate the basic reproduction number of the Wuhan novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV). Methods Based on the susceptible‐exposed‐infected‐removed (SEIR) compartment model and the assumption that the infectious cases with symptoms …
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Estimate of the Basic Reproduction Number for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Open
Considering the estimated R0 for COVID-19, reducing the number of contacts within the population is a necessary step to control the epidemic. The estimated overall R0 was higher than the World Health Organization estimate.
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Fungal Morphogenesis, from the Polarized Growth of Hyphae to Complex Reproduction and Infection Structures Open
SUMMARY Filamentous fungi constitute a large group of eukaryotic microorganisms that grow by forming simple tube-like hyphae that are capable of differentiating into more-complex morphological structures and distinct cell types. Hyphae for…
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The effective reproductive number of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is several times relative to Delta Open
Our review found the effective reproduction number and basic reproduction number of the Omicron variant elicited 3.8 and 2.5 times higher transmissibility than the Delta variant, respectively. The Omicron variant has an average basic and e…
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Networked but Commodified: The (Dis)Embeddedness of Digital Labour in the Gig Economy Open
This article investigates the (dis)embeddedness of digital labour within the remote gig economy. We use interview and survey data to highlight how platform workers in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are normatively disembedded from s…
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Making kin not population Open
As the planet's human numbers grow and environmental concerns proliferate, natural scientists, economists, and policy-makers are increasingly turning to new and old questions about families and kinship as matters of concern. From governmen…
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Commensal bacteria and essential amino acids control food choice behavior and reproduction Open
Choosing the right nutrients to consume is essential to health and wellbeing across species. However, the factors that influence these decisions are poorly understood. This is particularly true for dietary proteins, which are important det…
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Estimating the time-varying reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 using national and subnational case counts Open
Background: Interventions are now in place worldwide to reduce transmission of the novel coronavirus. Assessing temporal variations in transmission in different countries is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of public health inter…
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The Role of the Epididymis and the Contribution of Epididymosomes to Mammalian Reproduction Open
It is well-established that testicular spermatozoa are immature and acquire motility and fertilization capabilities during transit throughout the epididymis. The epididymis is a duct-like organ that connects the testis to the vas deferens …
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Measurability of the epidemic reproduction number in data-driven contact networks Open
Significance The analysis of real epidemiological data has raised issues of the adequacy of the classic homogeneous modeling framework and quantities, such as the basic reproduction number in real-world situations. Based on high-quality so…
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Noninvasive unmanned aerial vehicle provides estimates of the energetic cost of reproduction in humpback whales Open
An animal's body condition will affect its survival and reproductive success, which influences population dynamics. Despite its importance, relatively little is known about the body condition of large whales and its relationship to reprodu…
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Landscape configurational heterogeneity by small-scale agriculture, not crop diversity, maintains pollinators and plant reproduction in western Europe Open
Agricultural intensification is one of the main causes for the current biodiversity crisis. While reversing habitat loss on agricultural land is challenging, increasing the farmland configurational heterogeneity (higher field border densit…
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ART in Europe, 2016: results generated from European registries by ESHRE† Open
STUDY QUESTION What are the reported data on cycles in ART, IUI and fertility preservation (FP) interventions in 2016 as compared to previous years, as well as the main trends over the years? SUMMARY ANSWER The 20th ESHRE report on ART and…
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Colonial global economy: towards a theoretical reorientation of political economy Open
Standard accounts of the emergence of the modern global economic order posit its origins in the expansion of markets or in the changing nature of the social relations of capitalist production. Each fails to acknowledge the significance of …
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Polystyrene nanoplastics inhibit reproduction and induce abnormal embryonic development in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia galeata Open
We assayed the toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NP, 52 nm) to Daphnia galeata . Survival and reproduction were significantly decreased in individuals exposed to 5 mg/L of PS-NP for 5 days, and embryos showed abnormal development, …
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PhasiRNAs in Plants: Their Biogenesis, Genic Sources, and Roles in Stress Responses, Development, and Reproduction Open
Phased secondary small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) constitute a major category of small RNAs in plants, but most of their functions are still poorly defined. Some phasiRNAs, known as trans-acting siRNAs, are known to target complementary …
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Impacts of endocrine disrupting chemicals on reproduction in wildlife and humans Open
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The main objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the impacts of EDCs on reproductive success in wildlife and humans. T…
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The Impact of Heat Load on Cattle Open
Heat stress and cold stress have a negative influence on cattle welfare and productivity. There have been some studies investigating the influence of cold stress on cattle, however the emphasis within this review is the influence of heat s…
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Invited review: Physiological and behavioral effects of heat stress in dairy cows Open
Animal welfare can be negatively affected when dairy cattle experience heat stress. Managing heat stress has become more of a challenge than ever before, due to the increasing number of production animals with increased milk yield, and the…
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Male Sterility in Maize after Transient Heat Stress during the Tetrad Stage of Pollen Development Open
Shifts in the duration and intensity of ambient temperature impair plant development and reproduction, particularly male gametogenesis. Stress exposure causes meiotic defects or premature spore abortion in male reproductive organs, leading…
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Relative instantaneous reproduction number of Omicron SARS‐CoV‐2 variant with respect to the Delta variant in Denmark Open
The Omicron variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has become widespread across the world in a flashing manner. As of December 7, 2021, a total of 758 Omicron cases were confirmed in Denmark. Using the …
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A feminist perspective on COVID‐19 and the value of care work globally Open
The shared response to the COVID‐19 crisis demonstrates that the vast majority of society believes human wellbeing — not economic growth — should be at the centre of policy. COVID‐19 exposes the foundational role of care work, both paid an…
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ART in Europe, 2019: results generated from European registries by ESHRE Open
STUDY QUESTION What are the data and trends on ART and IUI cycle numbers and their outcomes, and on fertility preservation (FP) interventions, reported in 2019 as compared to previous years? SUMMARY ANSWER The 23rd ESHRE report highlights …