Olfactory nerve ≈ Olfactory nerve
View article: Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19
Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19 Open
The newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a pandemic respiratory disease. Moreover, thromboembolic events throughout the body, including in the CNS, have been described. Given the ne…
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Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as port of Central Nervous System entry in COVID-19 patients Open
The newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a pandemic respiratory disease presenting with fever, cough, and often pneumonia. Moreover, thromboembolic events throughout the body includ…
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The Glia Response after Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Comparison between Schwann Cells and Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Their Uses for Neural Regenerative Therapies Open
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) exhibits a much larger capacity for regeneration than the central nervous system (CNS). One reason for this difference is the difference in glial cell types between the two systems. PNS glia respond rapi…
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α-synuclein inclusions are abundant in non-neuronal cells in the anterior olfactory nucleus of the Parkinson’s disease olfactory bulb Open
Reduced olfactory function (hyposmia) is one of the most common non-motor symptoms experienced by those living with Parkinson’s disease (PD), however, the underlying pathology of the dysfunction is unclear. Recent evidence indicates that α…
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The terminal nerve plays a prominent role in GnRH-1 neuronal migration independent from proper olfactory and vomeronasal connections to the olfactory bulbs Open
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neurons (GnRH-1 ns) migrate from the developing olfactory pit into the hypothalamus during embryonic development. Migration of the GnRH-1 neurons is required for mammalian reproduction as these cel…
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Anatomical barriers against SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion at vulnerable interfaces visualized in deceased COVID-19 patients Open
Can SARS-CoV-2 hitchhike on the olfactory projection and take a direct and short route from the nose into the brain? We reasoned that the neurotropic or neuroinvasive capacity of the virus, if it exists, should be most easily detectable in…
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Burkholderia pseudomallei Rapidly Infects the Brain Stem and Spinal Cord via the Trigeminal Nerve after Intranasal Inoculation Open
Infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a disease with a high mortality rate (20% in Australia and 40% in Southeast Asia). Neurological melioidosis is particularly prevalent in northern Australian patients and involves…
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Parallel processing of afferent olfactory sensory information Open
Key points The functional synaptic connectivity between olfactory receptor neurons and principal cells within the olfactory bulb is not well understood. One view suggests that mitral cells, the primary output neuron of the olfactory bulb, …
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Cranial Pair I: The Olfactory Nerve Open
The olfactory nerve constitutes the first cranial pair. Compared with other cranial nerves, it depicts some atypical features. First, the olfactory nerve does not form a unique bundle. The olfactory axons join other axons and form several …
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Differential spatial expression of peripheral olfactory neuron-derived BACE1 induces olfactory impairment by region-specific accumulation of β-amyloid oligomer Open
Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although evidence exists to suggest that peripheral olfactory organs are involved in the olfactory dysfunction that ac…
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Nano-in-Micro-Particles Consisting of PLGA Nanoparticles Embedded in Chitosan Microparticles via Spray-Drying Enhances Their Uptake in the Olfactory Mucosa Open
Intranasal delivery has gained prominence since 1990, when the olfactory mucosa was recognized as the window to the brain and the central nervous system (CNS); this has enabled the direct site specific targeting of neurological diseases fo…
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Intranasal Borna Disease Virus (BoDV-1) Infection: Insights into Initial Steps and Potential Contagiosity Open
Mammalian Bornavirus (BoDV-1) typically causes a fatal neurologic disorder in horses and sheep, and was recently shown to cause fatal encephalitis in humans with and without transplant reception. It has been suggested that BoDV-1 enters th…
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Development of the main olfactory system and main olfactory epithelium-dependent male mating behavior are altered in G<sub>o</sub>-deficient mice Open
Significance Early studies indicated that two olfactory systems in mammals play distinct roles: The main olfactory system detects general odorants, and the accessory olfactory system detects pheromones. Using heterotrimeric G o protein-def…
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Safety of human olfactory mucosal biopsy for the purpose of olfactory ensheathing cell harvest and nerve repair: a prospective controlled study in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery Open
We have uniquely provided level 2a evidence for the safety of endoscopic biopsy of olfactory mucosa, which does not affect nasal function or the sense of smell compared to standard FESS without biopsy.
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Olfactory ensheathing cells promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery after facial nerve defects Open
Olfactory ensheathing cells from the olfactory bulb and olfactory mucosa have been found to increase axonal sprouting and pathfinding and promote the recovery of vibrissae motor performance in facial nerve transection injured rats. However…
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Distorted Coarse Axon Targeting and Reduced Dendrite Connectivity Underlie Dysosmia after Olfactory Axon Injury Open
The glomerular map in the olfactory bulb (OB) is the basis for odor recognition. Once established during development, the glomerular map is stably maintained throughout the life of an animal despite the continuous turnover of olfactory sen…
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Sublamina‐specific organization of the blood brain barrier in the mouse olfactory nerve layer Open
Astrocytes constitute the main glial component of the mammalian blood brain barrier (BBB). However, in the olfactory bulb (OB), the olfactory nerve layer (ONL) is almost devoid of astrocytes, raising the question which glial cells are part…
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Insights into olfactory ensheathing cell development from a laser‐microdissection and transcriptome‐profiling approach Open
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are neural crest‐derived glia that ensheath bundles of olfactory axons from their peripheral origins in the olfactory epithelium to their central targets in the olfactory bulb. We took an unbiased laser m…
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Olfactory ensheathing cells abutting the embryonic olfactory bulb express <i>Frzb</i>, whose deletion disrupts olfactory axon targeting Open
We and others previously showed that in mouse embryos lacking the transcription factor Sox10, olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) differentiation is disrupted, resulting in defective olfactory axon targeting and fewer gonadotropin‐releasing h…
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and its binding partner HTRA1 are expressed by olfactory ensheathing cells Open
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important regulator of innate immunity with key roles in neural regeneration and responses to pathogens, amongst a multitude of other functions. The expression of MIF and its binding partn…
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Burkholderia pseudomallei invades the olfactory nerve and bulb after epithelial injury in mice and causes the formation of multinucleated giant glial cells in vitro Open
The infectious disease melioidosis is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is characterised by high mortality and morbidity and can involve the central nervous system (CNS). We have previously discovered that B. p…
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Vasopressin Cells in the Rodent Olfactory Bulb Resemble Non-Bursting Superficial Tufted Cells and Are Primarily Inhibited upon Olfactory Nerve Stimulation Open
The intrinsic vasopressin system of the olfactory bulb is involved in social odor processing and consists of glutamatergic vasopressin cells (VPCs) located at the medial border of the glomerular layer. To characterize VPCs in detail, we co…
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Oral SARS-CoV-2 Inoculation Causes Nasal Viral Infection Leading to Olfactory Bulb Infection: An Experimental Study Open
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections can cause long-lasting anosmia, but the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can spread to the nasal cavity via the oral route, on the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN)…
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Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Express α7 Integrin to Mediate Their Migration on Laminin Open
The unique glia located in the olfactory system, called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), are implicated as an attractive choice for transplantation therapy following spinal cord injury because of their pro-regenerative characteristics. …
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MRI tractography reveals the human olfactory nerve map connecting the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb Open
The olfactory nerve map describes the topographical neural connections between the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity and the olfactory bulb. Previous studies have constructed the olfactory nerve maps of rodents using histological an…
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Extensive apoptosis during the formation of the terminal nerve ganglion by olfactory placode-derived cells with distinct molecular markers Open
The terminal nerve ganglion (TNG) is a well-known structure of the peripheral nervous system in cartilaginous and teleost fishes. It derives from the olfactory placode during embryonic development. While the differentiation and migration o…
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Combined VEGF/PDGF improves olfactory regeneration after unilateral bulbectomy in mice Open
The olfactory receptor neurons lining the nasal cavity have a remarkable capacity to regenerate throughout life. They are replenished continuously and their axons make new connections within the olfactory bulb. However, some factors such a…
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Olfactory epithelium and ontogeny of the nasal chambers in the bowhead whale (<span><i>Balaena mysticetus</i></span>) Open
In a species of baleen whale, we identify olfactory epithelium that suggests a functional sense of smell and document the ontogeny of the surrounding olfactory anatomy. Whales must surface to breathe, thereby providing an opportunity to de…
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Early-Onset Molecular Derangements in the Olfactory Bulb of Tg2576 Mice: Novel Insights Into the Stress-Responsive Olfactory Kinase Dynamics in Alzheimer’s Disease Open
The olfactory bulb (OB) is the first processing station in the olfactory pathway. Despite smell impairment, which is considered an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD), little is known about the initial molecular disturbances that accom…
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Vaccination Is More Effective Than Prophylactic Oseltamivir in Preventing CNS Invasion by H5N1 Virus via the Olfactory Nerve Open
Within our ferret model, vaccination is more effective than prophylactic oseltamivir in preventing CNS invasion by H5N1 virus via the olfactory nerve. This study highlights the importance of including the olfactory mucosa, olfactory nerve,…