Olfactory system ≈ Olfactory system
View article: Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19
Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19 Open
The newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a pandemic respiratory disease. Moreover, thromboembolic events throughout the body, including in the CNS, have been described. Given the ne…
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Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia Open
Altered olfactory function is a common symptom of COVID-19, but its etiology is unknown. A key question is whether SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) – the causal agent in COVID-19 – affects olfaction directly, by infecting olfactory sensory neurons or th…
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Nasal Respiration Entrains Human Limbic Oscillations and Modulates Cognitive Function Open
The need to breathe links the mammalian olfactory system inextricably to the respiratory rhythms that draw air through the nose. In rodents and other small animals, slow oscillations of local field potential activity are driven at the rate…
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COVID-19–related anosmia is associated with viral persistence and inflammation in human olfactory epithelium and brain infection in hamsters Open
SARS-CoV-2 infects the olfactory epithelium of hamsters and humans and persists in it in individuals with COVID-19 for several months after infection.
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Objective evaluation of anosmia and ageusia in <span>COVID</span>‐19 patients: Single‐center experience on 72 cases Open
Background The first European case series are detecting a very high frequency of chemosensitive disorders in COVID‐19 patients, ranging between 19.4% and 88%. Methods Olfactory and gustatory function was objectively tested in 72 COVID‐19 p…
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Tailoring Formulations for Intranasal Nose-to-Brain Delivery: A Review on Architecture, Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Mucociliary Clearance of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa Open
The blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier are major obstacles in central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery, since they block most molecules from entering the brain. Alternative drug delivery routes like intraparenc…
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Widespread transneuronal propagation of α-synucleinopathy triggered in olfactory bulb mimics prodromal Parkinson’s disease Open
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive appearance of intraneuronal Lewy aggregates, which are primarily composed of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn). The aggregates are believed to propagate via neural pathways following…
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SARS-CoV-2: Olfaction, Brain Infection, and the Urgent Need for Clinical Samples Allowing Earlier Virus Detection Open
The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has very high infectivity, which allows it to spread rapidly around the world. Attempts at slowing the pandemic at this stage depend on the number and quality of diagnostic tests performed. We propose that the ol…
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Anosmia in COVID-19: Underlying Mechanisms and Assessment of an Olfactory Route to Brain Infection Open
In recent months it has emerged that the novel coronavirus—responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic—causes reduction of smell and taste in a large fraction of patients. The chemosensory deficits are often the earliest, and sometimes the only …
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The Association Between Olfaction and Depression: A Systematic Review Open
Previous studies on the relationship between olfaction and depression have revealed mixed results. In addition, few have focused on the reciprocity of this association. The aim of this study is to combine depression and olfactory data in t…
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The structural basis of odorant recognition in insect olfactory receptors Open
Olfactory systems must detect and discriminate amongst an enormous variety of odorants 1 . To contend with this challenge, diverse species have converged on a common strategy in which odorant identity is encoded through the combinatorial a…
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Ionotropic Chemosensory Receptors Mediate the Taste and Smell of Polyamines Open
The ability to find and consume nutrient-rich diets for successful reproduction and survival is fundamental to animal life. Among the nutrients important for all animals are polyamines, a class of pungent smelling compounds required in num…
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Human Olfactory Receptors: Novel Cellular Functions Outside of the Nose Open
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are not exclusively expressed in the olfactory sensory neurons; they are also observed outside of the olfactory system in all other human tissues tested to date, including the testis, lung, intestine, skin, heart,…
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Organization and function of Drosophila odorant binding proteins Open
Odorant binding proteins (Obps) are remarkable in their number, diversity, and abundance, yet their role in olfactory coding remains unclear. They are widely believed to be required for transporting hydrophobic odorants through an aqueous …
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Elevated ACE-2 expression in the olfactory neuroepithelium: implications for anosmia and upper respiratory SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication Open
ACE2 protein is expressed at high levels in the human olfactory epithelium relative to upper airway epithelial cells. This may explain COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction, and suggests a SARS-CoV-2 reservoir site and potential intran…
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Deletion of Type 3 Adenylyl Cyclase Perturbs the Postnatal Maturation of Olfactory Sensory Neurons and Olfactory Cilium Ultrastructure in Mice Open
Type 3 adenylyl cyclase (Adcy3) is localized to the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and is an essential component of the olfactory cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway. Although the role of this enzyme in odor …
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Impaired olfaction is associated with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in the brain Open
Impaired olfaction predicts faster cognitive decline and might indicate neurodegeneration in the brain among dementia-free older adults.
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The wiring diagram of a glomerular olfactory system Open
The sense of smell enables animals to react to long-distance cues according to learned and innate valences. Here, we have mapped with electron microscopy the complete wiring diagram of the Drosophila larval antennal lobe, an olfactory neur…
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Complementary codes for odor identity and intensity in olfactory cortex Open
The ability to represent both stimulus identity and intensity is fundamental for perception. Using large-scale population recordings in awake mice, we find distinct coding strategies facilitate non-interfering representations of odor ident…
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Position paper on olfactory dysfunction Open
Background: Olfactory dysfunction is an increasingly recognised condition, associated with reduced quality of life and major health outcomes such as neurodegeneration and death.However, translational research in this field is limited by he…
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Using an Insect Mushroom Body Circuit to Encode Route Memory in Complex Natural Environments Open
Ants, like many other animals, use visual memory to follow extended routes through complex environments, but it is unknown how their small brains implement this capability. The mushroom body neuropils have been identified as a crucial memo…
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Complete Connectomic Reconstruction of Olfactory Projection Neurons in the Fly Brain Open
Nervous systems contain sensory neurons, local neurons, projection neurons, and motor neurons. To understand how these building blocks form whole circuits, we must distil these broad classes into neuronal cell types and describe their netw…
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Olfactory receptor 2 in vascular macrophages drives atherosclerosis by NLRP3-dependent IL-1 production Open
Sniffing out atherosclerosis Olfactory receptors are best known for their presence in the nose and their role in detecting smells, but they are also present in other tissues and perform additional biological functions. For example, vascula…
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Functional evolution of Lepidoptera olfactory receptors revealed by deorphanization of a moth repertoire Open
Insects detect their hosts or mates primarily through olfaction, and olfactory receptors (ORs) are at the core of odorant detection. Each species has evolved a unique repertoire of ORs whose functional properties are expected to meet its e…
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Diagnosis of Human Prion Disease Using Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion Testing of Olfactory Mucosa and Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples Open
A proposed diagnostic algorithm for sporadic CJD combines CSF and OM RT-QuIC testing to provide virtually 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the clinical phase of the disease.
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Characterizing functional pathways of the human olfactory system Open
The central processing pathways of the human olfactory system are not fully understood. The olfactory bulb projects directly to a number of cortical brain structures, but the distinct networks formed by projections from each of these struc…
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Combinatorial Codes and Labeled Lines: How Insects Use Olfactory Cues to Find and Judge Food, Mates, and Oviposition Sites in Complex Environments Open
Insects, including those which provide vital ecosystems services as well as those which are devastating pests or disease vectors, locate their resources mainly based on olfaction. Understanding insect olfaction not only from a neurobiologi…
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Genetic variation across the human olfactory receptor repertoire alters odor perception Open
Humans use a family of more than 400 olfactory receptors (ORs) to detect odors, but there is currently no model that can predict olfactory perception from receptor activity patterns. Genetic variation in human ORs is abundant and alters re…
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Algorithms for Olfactory Search across Species Open
Localizing the sources of stimuli is essential. Most organisms cannot eat, mate, or escape without knowing where the relevant stimuli originate. For many, if not most, animals, olfaction plays an essential role in search. While microorgani…
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Olfactory inputs modulate respiration-related rhythmic activity in the prefrontal cortex and freezing behavior Open
Respiration and airflow through the nasal cavity are known to be correlated with rhythmic neural activity in the central nervous system. Here we show in rodents that during conditioned fear-induced freezing behavior, mice breathe at a stea…