Organoid ≈ Organoid
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Distinct populations of inflammatory fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in pancreatic cancer Open
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that produce desmoplastic stroma, thereby modulating disease progression and therapeutic response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). However, …
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Patient-derived organoids model treatment response of metastatic gastrointestinal cancers Open
Cancer organoids to model therapy response Cancer organoids are miniature, three-dimensional cell culture models that can be made from primary patient tumors and studied in the laboratory. Vlachogiannis et al. asked whether such “tumor-in-…
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SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes Open
Intestinal organoids as an infection model Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes an influenza-like disease with a respiratory transmission route; however, patients often present with gastrointestinal symptoms …
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Multisensor-integrated organs-on-chips platform for automated and continual in situ monitoring of organoid behaviors Open
Significance Monitoring human organ-on-a-chip systems presents a significant challenge, where the capability of in situ continual monitoring of organ behaviors and their responses to pharmaceutical compounds over extended periods of time i…
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Organoids Open
Organoids have attracted increasing attention because they are simple tissue-engineered cell-based in vitro models that recapitulate many aspects of the complex structure and function of the corresponding in vivo tissue. They can be dissec…
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Organoids-on-a-chip Open
Recent studies have demonstrated an array of stem cell–derived, self-organizing miniature organs, termed organoids, that replicate the key structural and functional characteristics of their in vivo counterparts. As organoid technology open…
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Development of a primary human Small Intestine-on-a-Chip using biopsy-derived organoids Open
Here we describe a method for fabricating a primary human Small Intestine-on-a-Chip (Intestine Chip) containing epithelial cells isolated from healthy regions of intestinal biopsies. The primary epithelial cells are expanded as 3D organoid…
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A Three-Dimensional Organoid Culture System Derived from Human Glioblastomas Recapitulates the Hypoxic Gradients and Cancer Stem Cell Heterogeneity of Tumors Found <i>In Vivo</i> Open
Many cancers feature cellular hierarchies that are driven by tumor-initiating cancer stem cells (CSC) and rely on complex interactions with the tumor microenvironment. Standard cell culture conditions fail to recapitulate the original tumo…
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Organoids: A historical perspective of thinking in three dimensions Open
In the last ten years, there has been a dramatic surge in the number of publications where single or groups of cells are grown in substrata that have elements of basement membrane leading to the formation of tissue-like structures referred…
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SARS-CoV-2 Infects the Brain Choroid Plexus and Disrupts the Blood-CSF Barrier in Human Brain Organoids Open
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, leads to respiratory symptoms that can be fatal. However, neurological symptoms have also been observed in some patients…
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A brief history of organoids Open
In vitro cell cultures are crucial research tools for modeling human development and diseases. Although the conventional monolayer cell cultures have been widely used in the past, the lack of tissue architecture and complexity of such mode…
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Functional screening in human cardiac organoids reveals a metabolic mechanism for cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest Open
Significance Engineered cardiac muscle can be used to promote the structural and functional maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). However, previous studies have not yet produced cardiac tissues with m…
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Use of CRISPR-modified human stem cell organoids to study the origin of mutational signatures in cancer Open
A signature event for organoids Human cancer genomes harbor cryptic mutational signatures that represent the cumulative effects of DNA damage and defects in DNA repair processes. Knowledge of how specific signatures originate could have a …
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Tissue geometry drives deterministic organoid patterning Open
Spatial and temporal organoid control Stem cell–derived organoids form through self-organization and serve as models for organ development, function, and disease, with potential applications in drug development and personalized medicine. H…
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Pancreatic cancer organoids recapitulate disease and allow personalized drug screening Open
We report the derivation of 30 patient-derived organoid lines (PDOs) from tumors arising in the pancreas and distal bile duct. PDOs recapitulate tumor histology and contain genetic alterations typical of pancreatic cancer. In vitro testing…
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Applications of patient-derived tumor xenograft models and tumor organoids Open
Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs), in which tumor fragments surgically dissected from cancer patients are directly transplanted into immunodeficient mice, have emerged as a useful model for translational research aimed at facilitatin…
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Prediction of DNA Repair Inhibitor Response in Short-Term Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Organoids Open
Based on genomic analysis, 50% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSC) are predicted to have DNA repair defects. Whether this substantial subset of HGSCs actually have functional repair defects remains unknown. Here, we devise a platfo…
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Modeling Patient-Derived Glioblastoma with Cerebral Organoids Open
The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains dismal, with a median survival of approximately 15 months. Current preclinical GBM models are limited by the lack of a "normal" human microenvironment and the inability of many tumo…
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Human CNS barrier-forming organoids with cerebrospinal fluid production Open
Brain barrier and support in a dish Deep within the brain, the choroid plexus filters blood and secretes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a nutrient-rich liquid that bathes and supports the brain and protects it from entry of toxic compounds. Cu…
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Organoid and Spheroid Tumor Models: Techniques and Applications Open
Techniques to develop three-dimensional cell culture models are rapidly expanding to bridge the gap between conventional cell culture and animal models. Organoid and spheroid cultures have distinct and overlapping purposes and differ in ce…
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Derivation of Human Midbrain-Specific Organoids from Neuroepithelial Stem Cells Open
Research on human brain development and neurological diseases is limited by the lack of advanced experimental in vitro models that truly recapitulate the complexity of the human brain. Here, we describe a robust human brain organoid system…
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Self-Renewing Trophoblast Organoids Recapitulate the Developmental Program of the Early Human Placenta Open
Defective placentation is the underlying cause of various pregnancy complications, such as severe intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia. However, studies on human placental development are hampered by the lack of a self-renewing…
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Development of organoids from mouse and human endometrium showing endometrial epithelium physiology and long-term expandability Open
The endometrium, which is of crucial importance for reproduction, undergoes dynamic cyclic tissue remodeling. Knowledge of its molecular and cellular regulation is poor, primarily owing to a lack of study models. Here, we have established …
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Renal Subcapsular Transplantation of PSC-Derived Kidney Organoids Induces Neo-vasculogenesis and Significant Glomerular and Tubular Maturation In Vivo Open
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived kidney organoids may facilitate disease modeling and the generation of tissue for renal replacement. Long-term application, however, will require transferability between hPSC lines and significant…
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Self-Organized Cerebral Organoids with Human-Specific Features Predict Effective Drugs to Combat Zika Virus Infection Open
The human cerebral cortex possesses distinct structural and functional features that are not found in the lower species traditionally used to model brain development and disease. Accordingly, considerable attention has been placed on the d…
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Oral Mucosal Organoids as a Potential Platform for Personalized Cancer Therapy Open
Previous studies have described that tumor organoids can capture the diversity of defined human carcinoma types. Here, we describe conditions for long-term culture of human mucosal organoids. Using this protocol, a panel of 31 head and nec…
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Massive and Reproducible Production of Liver Buds Entirely from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Open
Organoid technology provides a revolutionary paradigm toward therapy but has yet to be applied in humans, mainly because of reproducibility and scalability challenges. Here, we overcome these limitations by evolving a scalable organ bud pr…
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Human organoids in basic research and clinical applications Open
Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniature structures cultured in vitro produced from either human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) or adult stem cells (AdSCs) derived from healthy individuals or patients that recapitulate the cellular h…
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Organoids by design Open
Organoids are multicellular structures that can be derived from adult organs or pluripotent stem cells. Early versions of organoids range from simple epithelial structures to complex, disorganized tissues with large cellular diversity. The…
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The hope and the hype of organoid research Open
The recent increase in organoid research has been met with great enthusiasm, as well as expectation, from the scientific community and the public alike. There is no doubt that this technology opens up a world of possibilities for scientifi…