Particle (ecology)
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Overview of Ice Nucleating Particles Open
Ice particle formation in tropospheric clouds significantly changes cloud radiative and microphysical properties. Ice nucleation in the troposphere via homogeneous freezing occurs at temperatures lower than −38°C and relative humidity with…
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Features of Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) version 3.02 Open
We have upgraded many features of the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) and released the new version as PHITS3.02. The accuracy and the applicable energy ranges of the code were greatly improved and extended, respectivel…
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Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM) from Gas-Phase Autoxidation Involving Peroxy Radicals: A Key Contributor to Atmospheric Aerosol Open
Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) are formed in the atmosphere via autoxidation involving peroxy radicals arising from volatile organic compounds (VOC). HOM condense on pre-existing particles and can be involved in new particle for…
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A Bayesian approach to beam-induced motion correction in cryo-EM single-particle analysis Open
A new method to estimate the trajectories of particle motion and the amount of cumulative beam damage in electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) single-particle analysis is presented. The motion within the sample is modelled through the use of …
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Designed formation of hollow particle-based nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitors Open
Hollow particle-based N-doped carbon nanofibers synthesized via a facile electrospinning and carbonization method exhibit enhanced supercapacitive performance.
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Quantification of microplastic mass and removal rates at wastewater treatment plants applying Focal Plane Array (FPA)-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) imaging Open
This paper presents a method for microplastic (MP) mass quantification using a Focal Plane Array-based Fourier Transform Infrared imaging technique. It discusses the issue that particle number is not a conserved base quantity and hence les…
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A review on the angle of repose of granular materials Open
The abundance of granular materials and powders that are being used in several fields, along with their broad applications, requires a comprehensive understanding of both their macro- and micro-mechanical behavior. The fabric and structura…
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Atmospheric new particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines in a Chinese megacity Open
A puzzle of new particles Atmospheric particulates can be produced by emissions or form de novo. New particle formation usually occurs in relatively clean air. This is because preexisting particles in the atmosphere will scavenge the precu…
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Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland Open
We analyzed size distributions measured continuously at a boreal forest measurement site at Hyytiälä, Finland between 1996 and 2003. From the eight-year data we identified days when new aerosol particle formation was taking place as well a…
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The acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds Open
Acidity, defined as pH, is a central component of aqueous chemistry. In the atmosphere, the acidity of condensed phases (aerosol particles, cloud water, and fog droplets) governs the phase partitioning of semivolatile gases such as HNO3, N…
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Lie Algebras in Particle Physics Open
In this book, the author convinces that Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington had things a little bit wrong, as least as far as physics is concerned. He explores the theory of groups and Lie algebras and their representations to use group represent…
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An Overview of Pickering Emulsions: Solid-Particle Materials, Classification, Morphology, and Applications Open
Pickering emulsion, a kind of emulsion stabilized only by solid particles locating at oil-water interface, has been discovered a century ago, while being extensively studied in recent decades. Substituting solid particles for traditional s…
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Resonance-stabilized hydrocarbon-radical chain reactions may explain soot inception and growth Open
A radical route to soot The chemical origin of soot is a persistent puzzle. It is clear that small hydrocarbon fragments formed in flames must aggregate into larger particles, but the initial driving force for aggregation remains a mystery…
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New particle formation in the free troposphere: A question of chemistry and timing Open
From neutral to new Many of the particles in the troposphere are formed in situ, but what fraction of all tropospheric particles do they constitute and how exactly are they made? Bianchi et al. report results from a high-altitude research …
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Tire Abrasion as a Major Source of Microplastics in the Environment Open
Traffic-related non-exhaust particulate matter mainly consists of tire wear, brake wear, and road wear. For this study, passive-samplers were placed near highly frequented roads in industrial, agricultural, and urban environments with the …
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Three-dimensional manipulation of single cells using surface acoustic waves Open
Significance We present 3D acoustic tweezers, which can trap and manipulate single cells and particles along three mutually orthogonal axes of motion by recourse to surface acoustic waves. We use 3D acoustic tweezers to pick up single cell…
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Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements Open
Observations made in the CLOUD chamber at CERN illuminate atmospheric particle formation.
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Capacity Fading Mechanisms in Ni-Rich Single-Crystal NCM Cathodes Open
A series of single-crystal, Ni-rich Li[NixCoyMn1–x–y]O2 (NCM) cathodes (x = 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9) with particle diameters of ∼3 μm are systematically compared with polycrystalline cathodes with corresponding Ni contents. Despite their high re…
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Dark Matter Halos as Particle Colliders: Unified Solution to Small-Scale Structure Puzzles from Dwarfs to Clusters Open
Astrophysical observations spanning dwarf galaxies to galaxy clusters indicate that dark matter (DM) halos are less dense in their central regions compared to expectations from collisionless DM N-body simulations. Using detailed fits to DM…
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Causes and importance of new particle formation in the present‐day and preindustrial atmospheres Open
New particle formation has been estimated to produce around half of cloud‐forming particles in the present‐day atmosphere, via gas‐to‐particle conversion. Here we assess the importance of new particle formation (NPF) for both the present‐d…
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Ultradilute Low-Dimensional Liquids Open
We calculate the energy of one- and two-dimensional weakly interacting Bose-Bose mixtures analytically in the Bogoliubov approximation and by using the diffusion Monte Carlo technique. We show that in the case of attractive inter- and repu…
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Polycrystalline and Single Crystalline NCM Cathode Materials—Quantifying Particle Cracking, Active Surface Area, and Lithium Diffusion Open
Representatives of the Li x Ni 1− y − z Co y Mn z O 2 (NCM) family of cathode active materials (CAMs) with high nickel content are becoming the CAM of choice for high performance lithium‐ion batteries. In addition to high specific capaciti…
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Size and shape effects on the band gap of semiconductor compound nanomaterials Open
The size- and shape-dependent band gap energy of semiconductor compound nanomaterials (SCNs) is formulated. The model theory is based on the cohesive energy of the nanocrystals compared to the bulk crystals. We have considered CdSe, CdTe, …
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Evaluation of a low-cost optical particle counter (Alphasense OPC-N2) for ambient air monitoring Open
A fast-growing area of research is the development of low-cost sensors for measuring air pollutants. The affordability and size of low-cost particle sensors makes them an attractive option for use in experiments requiring a number of instr…
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Polyphenol-Mediated Assembly for Particle Engineering Open
Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds that are ubiquitous in plants and display a spectrum of physical, chemical, and biological properties. For example, they are antioxidants, have therapeutic properties, absorb UV radiation, and …
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Rheology of dense granular suspensions Open
Suspensions are composed of mixtures of particles and fluid and are omnipresent in natural phenomena and in industrial processes. The present paper addresses the rheology of concentrated suspensions of non-colloidal particles. While hydrod…
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Vertical Distribution of Microplastics in the Water Column and Surficial Sediment from the Milwaukee River Basin to Lake Michigan Open
Microplastic contamination was studied along a freshwater continuum from inland streams to the Milwaukee River estuary to Lake Michigan and vertically from the water surface, water subsurface, and sediment. Microplastics were detected in a…
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Aerosol Mixing State: Measurements, Modeling, and Impacts Open
Atmospheric aerosols are complex mixtures of different chemical species, and individual particles exist in many different shapes and morphologies. Together, these characteristics contribute to the aerosol mixing state. This review provides…
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Nonspherical armoured bubble vibration Open
In this paper, we study the dynamics of cylindrical armoured bubbles excited by mechanical vibrations. A step by step transition from cylindrical to spherical shape is reported as the intensity of the vibration is increased, leading to a r…
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Brownian yet Non-Gaussian Diffusion: From Superstatistics to Subordination of Diffusing Diffusivities Open
A growing number of biological, soft, and active matter systems are observed\nto exhibit normal diffusive dynamics with a linear growth of the mean squared\ndisplacement, yet with a non-Gaussian distribution of increments. Based on the\nCh…