Mechanism of action ≈ Mechanism of action
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The mechanisms of action of metformin Open
Metformin is a widely-used drug that results in clear benefits in relation to glucose metabolism and diabetes-related complications. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are complex and still not fully understood. Physiologically, metf…
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Ferroptosis: A Novel Anti-tumor Action for Cisplatin Open
Ferroptosis had great potential to become a new approach in anti-tumor therapies and make up for some classic drugs, which open up a new way for their utility in clinic.
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Off-target toxicity is a common mechanism of action of cancer drugs undergoing clinical trials Open
CRISPR reveals that many cancer drug targets are dispensable for cell proliferation and identifies CDK11 as the target of one mischaracterized agent.
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Antimicrobial Peptides: Mechanisms of Action and Resistance Open
More than 40 antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are expressed in the oral cavity. These AMPs have been organized into 6 functional groups, 1 of which, cationic AMPs, has received extensive attention in recent years for their promis…
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A Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma: History, Biology, Mechanism of Action, and Classification Open
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is currently used in different medical fields. The interest in the application of PRP in dermatology has recently increased. It is being used in several different applications as in tissue regeneration, wound hea…
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Metformin Action Open
Metformin is a first-line therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, due to its robust glucose-lowering effects, well-established safety profile, and relatively low cost. While metformin has been shown to have pleotropic effects on gluc…
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The Potential of Silver Nanoparticles for Antiviral and Antibacterial Applications: A Mechanism of Action Open
Rapid development of nanotechnology has been in high demand, especially for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) since they have been proven to be useful in various fields such as medicine, textiles, and household appliances. AgNPs are very import…
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Silver Nanoparticles: Bactericidal and Mechanistic Approach against Drug Resistant Pathogens Open
This review highlights the different modes of synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from their elemental state to particle format and their mechanism of action against multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming bacterial pathogens. Variou…
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Mechanistic Insights into the Antimicrobial Actions of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Implications for Multidrug Resistance Open
Multiple drug-resistant bacteria are a severe and growing public health concern. Because relatively few antibiotics have been approved over recent years and because of the inability of existing antibiotics to combat bacterial infections fu…
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Cisplatin and beyond: molecular mechanisms of action and drug resistance development in cancer chemotherapy Open
Background Platinum-based anticancer drugs are widely used in the chemotherapy of human neoplasms. The major obstacle for the clinical use of this class of drugs is the development of resistance and toxicity. It is therefore very important…
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Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptides: Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Antibiofilm Activities Open
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are regarded as a new generation of antibiotics. Besides antimicrobial activity, AMPs also have antibiofilm, immune-regulatory, and other activities. Exploring the mechanism of action of AMPs may help in the m…
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Inhibiting Ferroptosis through Disrupting the NCOA4–FTH1 Interaction: A New Mechanism of Action Open
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of oxidative cell death, and the inhibition of ferroptosis is a promising strategy with which to prevent and treat neurological diseases. Herein we report a new ferroptosis inhibitor 9a with a novel me…
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Antimicrobial Activity of Quercetin: An Approach to Its Mechanistic Principle Open
Quercetin, an essential plant flavonoid, possesses a variety of pharmacological activities. Extensive literature investigates its antimicrobial activity and possible mechanism of action. Quercetin has been shown to inhibit the growth of di…
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The mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine (NAC): The emerging role of H2S and sulfane sulfur species Open
Initially adopted as a mucolytic about 60 years ago, the cysteine prodrug N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the standard of care to treat paracetamol intoxication, and is included on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines. Add…
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Comprehensive review on current developments of quinoline-based anticancer agents Open
Among heterocyclic compounds, quinoline scaffold has become an important construction motif for the development of new drugs. Quinoline and its derivatives possess many types of biological activities and have been reported to show signific…
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Medically Useful Plant Terpenoids: Biosynthesis, Occurrence, and Mechanism of Action Open
Specialized plant terpenoids have found fortuitous uses in medicine due to their evolutionary and biochemical selection for biological activity in animals. However, these highly functionalized natural products are produced through complex …
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Ribosome-Targeting Antibiotics: Modes of Action, Mechanisms of Resistance, and Implications for Drug Design Open
Genetic information is translated into proteins by the ribosome. Structural studies of the ribosome and of its complexes with factors and inhibitors have provided invaluable information on the mechanism of protein synthesis. Ribosome inhib…
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Mechanisms of Action for Antimicrobial Peptides With Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Functions Open
The antibiotic crisis has led to a pressing need for alternatives such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Recent work has shown that these molecules have great potential not only as antimicrobials, but also as antibiofilm agents, immune mod…
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Anticancer Activity of Chitosan, Chitosan Derivatives, and Their Mechanism of Action Open
Tailoring of chitosan through the involvement of its amino, acetamido, and hydroxy groups can give derivatives of enhanced solubility and remarkable anticancer activity. The general mechanism of such activity is associated with the disturb…
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Mechanism of Action of Anti-TNF Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Open
Several anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] blocking strategies have been evaluated in patients with Crohn's disease. Compounds that have been tested included the full monoclonal IgG1 antibodies infliximab and adalimumab, the pegylated anti-…
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Determination of the Subcellular Localization and Mechanism of Action of Ferrostatins in Suppressing Ferroptosis Open
Ferroptosis is a form of nonapoptotic cell death characterized by the unchecked accumulation of lipid peroxides. Ferrostatin-1 and its analogs (ferrostatins) specifically prevent ferroptosis in multiple contexts, but many aspects of their …
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Structure-function analysis of ferroportin defines the binding site and an alternative mechanism of action of hepcidin Open
Key Points Analysis of mutations causing nonclassical FD defined the hepcidin-binding site in the central cavity of Fpn. Hepcidin inhibits iron export through Fpn not only by causing Fpn endocytosis, but also by occluding the transporter.
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Ochratoxin A: Molecular Interactions, Mechanisms of Toxicity and Prevention at the Molecular Level Open
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widely-spread mycotoxin all over the world causing major health risks. The focus of the present review is on the molecular and cellular interactions of OTA. In order to get better insight into the mechanism of its t…
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Role of Mitochondria in the Mechanism(s) of Action of Metformin Open
Metformin is a drug from the biguanide family that is used for decades as the first-line therapeutic choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite its worldwide democratization, owing to its clinical efficacy, high safety profile an…
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Taxol®: The First Microtubule Stabilizing Agent Open
Taxol®, an antitumor drug with significant activity, is the first microtubule stabilizing agent described in the literature. This short review of the mechanism of action of Taxol® emphasizes the research done in the Horwitz’ laboratory. It…
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F901318 represents a novel class of antifungal drug that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase Open
Significance New antifungal drugs that act via novel mechanisms are urgently needed to combat the high mortality of invasive fungal disease and the emergence of resistance to existing therapies. We describe the discovery, structure, activi…
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Cannabidiol for Pain Treatment: Focus on Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action Open
Cannabis has a long history of medical use. Although there are many cannabinoids present in cannabis, Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the two components found in the highest concentrations. CBD itself does not pro…
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Artemisinin activity-based probes identify multiple molecular targets within the asexual stage of the malaria parasites <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> 3D7 Open
Significance The mechanism of action of the artemisinin (ART) class of antimalarial drugs, the most important antimalarial drug class in use today, remains controversial, despite more than three decades of intensive research. We have devel…
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Metformin-Induced Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibition: Facts, Uncertainties, and Consequences Open
Metformin is the most widely prescribed drug to treat patients with type II diabetes, for whom retrospective studies suggest that metformin may have anticancer properties. However, in experiments performed with isolated cells, authors have…
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Anti-cancer peptides: classification, mechanism of action, reconstruction and modification Open
Anti-cancer peptides (ACPs) are a series of short peptides composed of 10–60 amino acids that can inhibit tumour cell proliferation or migration, or suppress the formation of tumour blood vessels, and are less likely to cause drug resistan…