Pharyngeal muscles
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The anatomy and physiology of normal and abnormal swallowing in oropharyngeal dysphagia Open
Background Eating and drinking are enjoyable activities that positively impact on an individual's quality of life. The ability to swallow food and fluid is integral to the process of eating. Swallowing occupies a dual role being both part …
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Phenotyping Pharyngeal Pathophysiology using Polysomnography in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Open
Phenotypes of pharyngeal dysfunction in OSA are evident from spontaneous changes in ventilation and ventilatory drive during sleep, enabling noninvasive phenotyping in the clinic. Our approach may facilitate precision therapeutic intervent…
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Upper Airway Collapsibility (Pcrit) and Pharyngeal Dilator Muscle Activity are Sleep Stage Dependent Open
Upper airway collapsibility measured via the Pcrit technique and genioglossus muscle activity vary with sleep stage. These findings should be taken into account when performing and interpreting "passive" Pcrit measurements.
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Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation for Treatment of Dysphagia in Subacute Stroke Open
Background and Purpose— Dysphagia is common after stroke, associated with increased death and dependency, and treatment options are limited. Pharyngeal electric stimulation (PES) is a novel treatment for poststroke dysphagia that has shown…
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Effects of expiratory muscle strength training on oropharyngeal dysphagia in subacute stroke patients: a randomised controlled trial Open
Summary Expiratory muscle strength training ( EMST ) involves forcible blowing as a means of generating high expiratory pressure, against adjustable resistance. EMST has recently been introduced as a potential treatment for dysphagia. This…
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Pharyngeal pumping in Caenorhabditis elegans depends on tonic and phasic signaling from the nervous system Open
Rhythmic movements are ubiquitous in animal locomotion, feeding and circulatory systems. In some systems, the muscle itself generates rhythmic contractions. In others, rhythms are generated by the nervous system or by interactions between …
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Tongue-pressure resistance training improves tongue and suprahyoid muscle functions simultaneously Open
TPRT improved tongue strength, dexterity, both anterior and superior hyoid elevation, and swallowing functions. Therefore, TPRT could improve tongue function and suprahyoid muscle function simultaneously and contribute to prevention of sar…
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Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Pathophysiological Perspective Open
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a multi-factorial disorder. Recently identified pathophysiological contributing factors include airway collapsibility, poor pharyngeal muscle responsiveness, a low arousal threshold, and a high loo…
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Dysphagia in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: practical recommendations to guide management Open
There is little guidance available for clinicians to manage dysphagia and improve feeding for young men with DMD. This report aims to provide a clinical algorithm to facilitate the diagnosis of dysphagia, to identify the symptoms and to pr…
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Sleeping tongue: current perspectives of genioglossus control in healthy individuals and patients with obstructive sleep apnea Open
The focus of this review was on the genioglossus (GG) muscle and its role in maintaining upper airway patency in both healthy individuals and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. This review provided an overview of GG anatomy and GG con…
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Expiratory Muscle Strength Training for Therapy of Pharyngeal Dysphagia in Parkinson's Disease Open
Background Pharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and clinically relevant symptom associated with poor nutrition intake, reduced quality of life, and aspiration pneumonia. Despite this, effective behavioral treatment …
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Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation in Dysphagia Poststroke Open
Background. Pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) appears to promote cortical plasticity and swallowing recovery poststroke. Objective. We aimed to assess clinical effectiveness with longer follow-up. Methods. Dysphagic patients (n = 36;…
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Zolpidem increases sleep efficiency and the respiratory arousal threshold without changing sleep apnoea severity and pharyngeal muscle activity Open
Key points A decreased respiratory arousal threshold is one of the main contributors to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) pathogenesis. Several recent studies have sought to find a drug capable of increasing the respiratory arousal threshold …
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Emerging Treatments Targeting the Genioglossus Muscle Open
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive episodes of upper airway obstruction caused by a loss of upper airway dilator muscle tone during sleep and an inadequate compensatory response by these muscles in the context of …
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Botulinum Toxin Is Effective in the Management of Neurogenic Dysphagia. Clinical-Electrophysiological Findings and Tips on Safety in Different Neurological Disorders Open
Background and Aims: Neurogenic dysphagia linked to failed relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) can be treated by injecting botulinum toxin (BTX) into the cricopharyngeal (CP) muscle. We compared the effects of this treatment…
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Palatal anatomy for sleep apnea surgery Open
The goal of this review is to advance the understanding of the muscular and soft tissue palatal anatomy as it relates to palatal surgery for sleep apnea and the phenotypic variations that generate the shape and collapsibility of the retrop…
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The connectome of the <span> <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> </span> pharynx Open
Detailed anatomical maps of individual organs and entire animals have served as invaluable entry points for ensuing dissection of their evolution, development, and function. The pharynx of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a simple ne…
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Cardiopharyngeal mesoderm origins of musculoskeletal and connective tissues in the mammalian pharynx Open
Cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM) gives rise to muscles of the head and heart. Using genetic lineage analysis in mice, we show that CPM develops into a broad range of pharyngeal structures and cell types encompassing musculoskeletal and conn…
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Pharyngeal electrical stimulation device for the treatment of neurogenic dysphagia: technology update Open
Neurogenic dysphagia (ND) can occur in patients with nervous system diseases of varying etiologies. Moreover, recovery from ND is not guaranteed. The therapeutic approaches for oropharyngeal ND have drastically changed over the last decade…
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<i>C. elegans</i> PEZO-1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel involved in food sensation Open
PIEZO channels are force sensors essential for physiological processes, including baroreception and proprioception. The Caenorhabditis elegans genome encodes an orthologue gene of the Piezo family, pezo-1, which is expressed in several tis…
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Dysphagia‐related quality of life in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: Psychometric properties of the SWAL‐QOL instrument Open
Introduction The Swallowing Quality of Life instrument (SWAL‐QOL) is a patient‐reported outcome measure of swallowing‐related quality of life (SR‐QoL). Its psychometric properties in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) are not known.…
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Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs Approach to Treatment of Sleep-disordered Breathing Open
Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea is recurrent upper airway obstruction caused by a loss of upper airway muscle tone during sleep. The main goal of our study was to determine if designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (…
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Diagnostic utility of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale—Revised to detect pharyngeal dysphagia in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Open
The ALSFRS-R bulbar subscale or swallowing item did not demonstrate adequate diagnostic accuracy to detect radiographically confirmed swallowing impairment. These results suggest the need for alternate screens for dysphagia in ALS.
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Expiratory muscle strength training evaluated with simultaneous high-resolution manometry and electromyography Open
4. Laryngoscope, 127:797-804, 2017.
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Alteration in upper airway dilator muscle coactivation during sleep: comparison of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy subjects Open
In patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), substantial increases in genioglossus (GG) activity during hypopneas/apneas usually fail to restore normal airflow. We have previously suggested that sleep-induced alteration in tongue muscle…
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Swallow strength training exercise for elderly: A health maintenance need Open
Background Recent studies have shown high prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia associated with frailty‐ and age‐related muscle weakness. Strength training exercises have been advocated for locomotive health maintenance in the elderly and …
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Neurostimulation in People with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Randomised Controlled Trials—Part I: Pharyngeal and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Open
Objective. To assess the effects of neurostimulation (i.e., neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES)) in people with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). Methods. Systematic literature searches were …
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Genioglossus reflex responses to negative upper airway pressure are altered in people with tetraplegia and obstructive sleep apnoea Open
Key points Protective reflexes in the throat area (upper airway) are crucial for breathing. Impairment of these reflexes can cause breathing problems during sleep such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). OSA is very common in people with sp…
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Mitochondrial Ca2+ Dynamics in MCU Knockout C. elegans Worms Open
Mitochondrial [Ca2+] plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial function, controlling ATP production and apoptosis triggered by mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. This regulation depends on Ca2+ entry into the mitochondria during…
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Effects of laryngeal restriction on pharyngeal peristalsis and biomechanics: Clinical implications Open
To date, rehabilitative exercises aimed at strengthening the pharyngeal muscles have not been developed due to the inability to successfully overload and fatigue these muscles during their contraction, a necessary requirement for strength …