Photic zone
View article: Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections
Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections Open
Anthropogenic climate change is projected to lead to ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, reductions in near-surface nutrients, and changes to primary production, all of which are expected to affect marine ecosystems. Here we asses…
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Insights into global diatom distribution and diversity in the world’s ocean Open
Significance Diatoms, considered one of the most diverse and ecologically important phytoplanktonic groups, contribute around 20% of global primary productivity. They are particularly abundant in nutrient-rich coastal ecosystems and at hig…
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Algae−bacteria interactions that balance the planktonic microbiome Open
Summary Phytoplankton communities within the photic zones of the oceans and lakes are characterised by highly complex assemblages of unicellular microalgae and associated bacteria. The interconnected evolutionary history of algae and bacte…
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Prediction of the Export and Fate of Global Ocean Net Primary Production: The EXPORTS Science Plan Open
© The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Marine Science 3 (2016): 22, doi:10.3389/fmars.2016.00022.
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Metrics that matter for assessing the ocean biological carbon pump Open
The biological carbon pump (BCP) comprises wide-ranging processes that set carbon supply, consumption, and storage in the oceans’ interior. It is becoming increasingly evident that small changes in the efficiency of the BCP can significant…
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Sinking particles promote vertical connectivity in the ocean microbiome Open
Significance Prokaryotes dominate the living biomass and the biological diversity of the ocean, one of the largest ecosystems on earth. The sinking of particles is a widespread mechanism that transports materials to the deep ocean, with a …
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Changing Biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean and Its Ecosystem Implications Open
The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in regulating global climate as a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and in global ocean biogeochemistry by supplying nutrients to the global thermocline, thereby influencing global pr…
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Life: the first two billion years Open
Microfossils, stromatolites, preserved lipids and biologically informative isotopic ratios provide a substantial record of bacterial diversity and biogeochemical cycles in Proterozoic (2500–541 Ma) oceans that can be interpreted, at least …
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Modeling the Impact of Zooplankton Diel Vertical Migration on the Carbon Export Flux of the Biological Pump Open
One pathway of the biological pump that remains largely unquantified in many export models is the active transport of carbon from the surface ocean to the mesopelagic by zooplankton diel vertical migration (DVM). Here, we develop a simple …
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Microbial Respiration, the Engine of Ocean Deoxygenation Open
Microbial plankton respiration is the key determinant in the balance between the storage of organic carbon in the oceans or its conversion to carbon dioxide with accompanying consumption of dissolved oxygen. Over the past 50 years, dissolv…
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Diel cycling and long-term persistence of viruses in the ocean’s euphotic zone Open
Significance Marine microbial communities exert a large influence on ocean ecosystem processes, and viruses in these communities play key roles in controlling microbial abundances, nutrient cycling, and productivity. We show here that domi…
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Shifting Diatom—Dinoflagellate Dominance During Spring Bloom in the Baltic Sea and its Potential Effects on Biogeochemical Cycling Open
The Baltic Sea is affected by a range of human induced environmental pressures such as eutrophication. Here we synthesize the ongoing shift from diatom dominance toward more dinoflagellates in parts of the Baltic Sea during the spring bloo…
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Evaluating the Potential Impacts of the Diurnal Vertical Migration by Marine Organisms on Marine Biogeochemistry Open
Diurnal vertical migration (DVM) of marine organisms is an ubiquitous phenomenon in the ocean that generates an active vertical transport of organic matter. However, the magnitude and consequences of this flux are largely unknown and are c…
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Temperature and oxygen dependence of the remineralization of organic matter Open
Accurate representation of the remineralization of sinking organic matter is crucial for reliable projections of the marine carbon cycle. Both water temperature and oxygen concentration are thought to influence remineralization rates, but …
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Phytoplankton across Tropical and Subtropical Regions of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans Open
We examine the large-scale distribution patterns of the nano- and microphytoplankton collected from 145 oceanic stations, at 3 m depth, the 20% light level and the depth of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum, during the Malaspina-2010 Expe…
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Basin scale variability of active diazotrophs and nitrogen fixation in the North Pacific, from the tropics to the subarctic Bering Sea Open
Nitrogen‐fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) provide biologically available nitrogen to plankton communities and thereby greatly influence the productivity in many marine regions. Various cyanobacterial groups have traditionally been consi…
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Phytoplankton Blooms at Increasing Levels of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Experimental Evidence for Negative Effects on Prymnesiophytes and Positive on Small Picoeukaryotes Open
Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the ongoing accumulation in the surface ocean together with concomitantly decreasing pH and calcium carbonate saturation states have the potential to impact phytoplankton community compos…
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Incorporating a prognostic representation of marine nitrogen fixers into the global ocean biogeochemical model HAMOCC Open
Nitrogen (N 2 ) fixation is a major source of bioavailable nitrogen to the euphotic zone, thereby exerting an important control on ocean biogeochemical cycling. This paper presents the incorporation of prognostic N 2 fixers into the HAMbur…
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Environmental vulnerability of the global ocean epipelagic plankton community interactome Open
A global photic-ocean plankton ecological network predicts distinct vulnerabilities to environmental change across marine biomes.
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Nitrification and its influence on biogeochemical cycles from the equatorial Pacific to the Arctic Ocean Open
We examined nitrification in the euphotic zone, its impact on the nitrogen cycles, and the controlling factors along a 7500 km transect from the equatorial Pacific Ocean to the Arctic Ocean. Ammonia oxidation occurred in the euphotic zone …
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Changes in water clarity in response to river discharges on the Great Barrier Reef continental shelf: 2002–2013 Open
Water clarity is a key factor for the health of marine ecosystems. The Australian Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is located on a continental shelf, with >35 major seasonal rivers discharging into this 344,000 km2 tropical to subtropical ecosyste…
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Widespread energy limitation to life in global subseafloor sediments Open
The global subseafloor biosphere subsists under extreme and widespread energy limitation.
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Diazotroph community structure and the role of nitrogen fixation in the nitrogen cycle in the Chukchi Sea (western Arctic Ocean) Open
Marine nitrogen fixation occurs not only in subtropical and tropical regions but also in colder regions. However, the distribution of diazotrophs, nitrogen fixation rate, and its contribution to the nitrogen cycle in the Arctic Ocean remai…
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A Global Model for Methylmercury Formation and Uptake at the Base of Marine Food Webs Open
Monomethylmercury (CH 3 Hg) is the only form of mercury (Hg) known to biomagnify in food webs. Here we investigate factors driving methylated mercury [MeHg = CH 3 Hg + (CH 3 ) 2 Hg)] production and degradation across the global ocean and u…
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Chasing after Non-cyanobacterial Nitrogen Fixation in Marine Pelagic Environments Open
Traditionally, cyanobacterial activity in oceanic photic layers was considered responsible for the marine pelagic dinitrogen (N2) fixation. Other potentially N2-fixing bacteria and archaea have also been detected in the pelagic water colum…
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Coccolithophore ecology in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean: New perspectives from the Atlantic meridional transect (AMT) programme Open
Coccolithophore species composition was determined in 199 samples collected from the upper 300 m of the Atlantic Ocean, spanning temperate, tropical and subtropical waters in both hemispheres during four Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) …
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Revisiting nitrification in the Eastern Tropical <span>S</span>outh <span>P</span>acific: A focus on controls Open
Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonium ( ) to nitrite ( ) and to nitrate ( ), is a component of the nitrogen (N) cycle internal to the fixed N pool. In oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), which are hotspots for oceanic fixed N loss, nitrificati…
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Deep maxima of phytoplankton biomass, primary production and bacterial production in the Mediterranean Sea Open
The deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) is a ubiquitous feature of phytoplankton vertical distribution in stratified waters that is relevant to our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the variability in photoautotroph ecophysiology ac…
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Ambient nitrate switches the ammonium consumption pathway in the euphotic ocean Open
Phytoplankton assimilation and microbial oxidation of ammonium are two critical conversion pathways in the marine nitrogen cycle. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of these two competing processes remain unclear. Here we show that ambie…
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Patterns of eukaryotic diversity from the surface to the deep-ocean sediment Open
Remote deep-ocean sediment (DOS) ecosystems are among the least explored biomes on Earth. Genomic assessments of their biodiversity have failed to separate indigenous benthic organisms from sinking plankton. Here, we compare global-scale e…