Pneumonitis
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Fatal Toxic Effects Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Open
In the largest evaluation of fatal ICI-associated toxic effects published to date to our knowledge, we observed early onset of death with varied causes and frequencies depending on therapeutic regimen. Clinicians across disciplines should …
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Pneumonitis in Patients Treated With Anti–Programmed Death-1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 Therapy Open
Purpose Pneumonitis is an uncommon but potentially fatal toxicity of anti–programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features are poorly described. Methods…
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Incidence of Programmed Cell Death 1 Inhibitor–Related Pneumonitis in Patients With Advanced Cancer Open
The incidence of PD-1 inhibitor-related pneumonitis was higher in NSCLC and RCC and during combination therapy. These findings contribute to enhance awareness among clinicians and support further investigations to meet the clinical needs.
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PD-1 Inhibitor–Related Pneumonitis in Advanced Cancer Patients: Radiographic Patterns and Clinical Course Open
Purpose: Investigate the clinical characteristics, radiographic patterns, and treatment course of PD-1 inhibitor–related pneumonitis in advanced cancer patients. Experimental Design: Among patients with advanced melanoma, lung cancer, or l…
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Multisystem Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Open
In this multicenter cohort study, development of multisystem irAEs was associated with improved survival in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs.
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Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated with Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Treatment for Malignancies: A Meta-Analysis Open
Background: Treatment of cancers with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway inhibitors can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which could be serious and even fetal. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the characte…
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Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review of Case Reports Open
Evidence from case reports shows that cancer patients develop irAEs following checkpoint blockade therapy, and can occasionally develop clearly defined autoimmune systemic diseases. While discontinuation of therapy and/or treatment can res…
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Persistent Post–COVID-19 Interstitial Lung Disease. An Observational Study of Corticosteroid Treatment Open
Rationale: The natural history of recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains unknown. Because fibrosis with persistent physiological deficit is a previously described feature of patients recovering f…
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FDA Approval Summary: Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Whose Tumors Express Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Open
On October 2, 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for pembrolizumab, a breakthrough therapy-designated drug, for the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose …
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Evaluation of Readministration of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors After Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients With Cancer Open
The risk-reward ratio for an anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 rechallenge appears to be acceptable, although these patients require close monitoring; further investigation into rechallenge conditions through a prospective clinical trial is needed.
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Radiation-Induced Lung Injury (RILI) Open
Radiation pneumonitis (RP) and radiation fibrosis (RF) are two dose-limiting toxicities of radiotherapy (RT), especially for lung, and esophageal cancer. It occurs in 5-20% of patients and limits the maximum dose that can be delivered, red…
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Bayesian Adaptive Randomization Trial of Passive Scattering Proton Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Photon Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Open
Purpose This randomized trial compared outcomes of passive scattering proton therapy (PSPT) versus intensity-modulated (photon) radiotherapy (IMRT), both with concurrent chemotherapy, for inoperable non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We h…
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EGFR–TKI-Associated Interstitial Pneumonitis in Nivolumab-Treated Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Open
We found a higher proportion of reports of IP for nivolumab in combination with EGFR-TKI vs treatment with either drug alone. Owing to the limitations of this study, the results warrant further confirmation. However, careful consideration …
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Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Immune-Related Adverse Events: A Practical Guide to Identifying High-Risk Patients and Rechallenging Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Open
Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a range of complications associated with the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Two major classes of ICIs widely used are Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA4) and Programmed Cell death…
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Mortality in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and corticosteroids use: a systematic review and meta-analysis Open
The high mortality in COVID-19 associated ARDS necessitates a prompt and aggressive treatment strategy which includes corticosteroids. Most of the studies included no information on the dosing regimen of corticosteroid therapy, however, lo…
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Pembrolizumab with or without radiation therapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized phase I/II trial Open
Background In this phase I/II trial, we evaluated the safety and effectiveness of pembrolizumab, with or without concurrent radiotherapy (RT), for lung and liver lesions from metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Methods Patients…
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Standard-dose pembrolizumab in combination with reduced-dose ipilimumab for patients with advanced melanoma (KEYNOTE-029): an open-label, phase 1b trial Open
Merck & Co, Inc.
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Autoimmune antibodies correlate with immune checkpoint therapy-induced toxicities Open
Significance A substantial portion of cancer patients treated by immune checkpoint (IC) therapy develop immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which result in significant morbidity and mortality. We sought to understand the mechanisms of t…
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FDA Approval Summary: Pembrolizumab for Recurrent Locally Advanced or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma Expressing PD-L1 Open
On September 22, 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ) for the treatment of patients with recurrent, locally advanced or metas…
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FDA Approval Summary: Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Disease Progression on or After Platinum-Containing Chemotherapy Open
On August 5, 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA injection, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, NJ) for treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squ…
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Systemic inflammation in a melanoma patient treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors—an autopsy study Open
Autopsy studies are an important measure of quality control and may identify clinically unapparent irAEs in patients treated with immunotherapy. Pathologists and clinicians need to be aware of the broad spectrum of irAEs for timely managem…
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Activity of pembrolizumab in relapsed/refractory NK/T-cell lymphoma Open
Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is associated with a poor outcome. Currently, the treatment needs of NKTCL remain unmet, and efforts to further improve treatment are urgently needed. He…
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Life-threatening influenza pneumonitis in a child with inherited IRF9 deficiency Open
Life-threatening pulmonary influenza can be caused by inborn errors of type I and III IFN immunity. We report a 5-yr-old child with severe pulmonary influenza at 2 yr. She is homozygous for a loss-of-function IRF9 allele. Her cells activat…
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FDA Approval Summary: Nivolumab for the Treatment of Relapsed or Progressive Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Open
On May 17, 2016, after an expedited priority review, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to nivolumab for the treatment of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) that has relapsed or progressed after …
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Pooled analysis of drug-related interstitial lung disease and/or pneumonitis in nine trastuzumab deruxtecan monotherapy studies Open
In this pooled analysis of heavily treated patients, the incidence of ILD/pneumonitis was 15.4%, with most being low grade and occurring in the first 12 months of treatment. The benefit-risk of T-DXd treatment is positive; however, some pa…
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The alveolar immune cell landscape is dysregulated in checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis Open
We observe several immune cell subpopulations that are dysregulated in CIP, which may represent possible targets that could lead to therapeutics for this morbid immune related adverse event.
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Severe influenza pneumonitis in children with inherited TLR3 deficiency Open
Autosomal recessive IRF7 and IRF9 deficiencies impair type I and III IFN immunity and underlie severe influenza pneumonitis. We report three unrelated children with influenza A virus (IAV) infection manifesting as acute respiratory distres…
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Clinical features, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies in checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis Open
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, represent an effective treatment modality for multiple malignancies. Despite the exciting clinical benefits, c…
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Phase II Study of Hemithoracic Intensity-Modulated Pleural Radiation Therapy (IMPRINT) As Part of Lung-Sparing Multimodality Therapy in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Open
Purpose We conducted a two-center phase II study to determine the safety of hemithoracic intensity-modulated pleural radiation therapy (IMPRINT) after chemotherapy and pleurectomy-decortication (P/D) as part of a multimodality lung-sparing…
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Risk factors for immune-related adverse events associated with anti-PD-1 pembrolizumab Open
We investigated risk factors for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients treated with anti-programmed cell death protein1 antibody pembrolizumab. A retrospective medical record review was performed to identify all patients who re…