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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Towards reliable binding energy referencing Open
With more than 9000 papers published annually, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an indispensable technique in modem surface and materials science for the determination of chemical bonding. The accuracy of chemical-state determinat…
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Raman spectroscopy of graphene-based materials and its applications in related devices Open
This work provides a comprehensive understanding on the developments in the Raman spectroscopy of graphene-based materials from fundamental research studies to device applications.
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Dual-comb spectroscopy Open
Dual-comb spectroscopy is an emerging new spectroscopic tool that exploits the frequency resolution, frequency accuracy, broad bandwidth, and brightness of frequency combs for ultrahigh-resolution, high-sensitivity broadband spectroscopy. …
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Formation of oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ state in TiO2 thin film and enhanced optical properties by air plasma treatment Open
This is the first time we report that simply air plasma treatment can also enhances the optical absorbance and absorption region of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) films, while keeping them transparent. TiO 2 thin films having moderate doping of F…
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Raman Spectroscopy Analysis of the Structure and Surface Chemistry of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<i><sub>x</sub></i> MXene Open
Raman spectroscopy is one of the most useful tools for the analysis of two-dimensional (2D) materials. While MXenes are a very large family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, there have been just a few Raman studies of materials…
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Contributions of Phase, Sulfur Vacancies, and Edges to the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalytic Activity of Porous Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets Open
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising nonprecious catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that has been extensively studied due to its excellent performance, but the lack of understanding of the factors that impact its cata…
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C 1s Peak of Adventitious Carbon Aligns to the Vacuum Level: Dire Consequences for Material's Bonding Assignment by Photoelectron Spectroscopy Open
The C 1s signal from ubiquitous carbon contamination on samples forming during air exposure, so called adventitious carbon (AdC) layers, is the most common binding energy (BE) reference in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. We demon…
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Microresonator soliton dual-comb spectroscopy Open
Shrinking spectrometers Dual-comb spectroscopy is a powerful technique that uses the interference of two closely related combs to map spectroscopic features directly into a frequency domain that can be read by electronics. Suh et al. devel…
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Unreacted PbI<sub>2</sub> as a Double-Edged Sword for Enhancing the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Open
Lead halide perovskites have over the past few years attracted considerable interest as photo absorbers in PV applications with record efficiencies now reaching 22%. It has recently been found that not only the composition but also the pre…
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Scalable Synthesis of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXene Open
Scaling the production of synthetic 2D materials to industrial quantities has faced significant challenges due to synthesis bottlenecks whereby few have been produced in large volumes. These challenges typically stem from bottom‐up approac…
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<i>In Situ</i>/<i>Operando</i> Electrocatalyst Characterization by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Open
During the last decades, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has become an indispensable method for probing the structure and composition of heterogeneous catalysts, revealing the nature of the active sites and establishing links between s…
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Best Practices for the Synthesis, Activation, and Characterization of Metal–Organic Frameworks Open
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are structurally diverse materials comprised of inorganic and organic components. As the rapidly expanding field of MOF research has demonstrated, these materials are being explored for a wide variety of pot…
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Single-Molecule Chemistry with Surface- and Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Open
Single-molecule (SM) surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) have emerged as analytical techniques for characterizing molecular systems in nanoscale environments. SERS and TERS use plasmonicall…
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Reducing the resistance for the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis in materials chemistry Open
This manuscript highlights a beginner-to-intermediate level scope of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which is an indispensable, non-destructive electrochemical technique that can be applied for materials characterization.
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Copper–Oxygen Complexes Revisited: Structures, Spectroscopy, and Reactivity Open
A longstanding research goal has been to understand the nature and role of copper-oxygen intermediates within copper-containing enzymes and abiological catalysts. Synthetic chemistry has played a pivotal role in highlighting the viability …
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2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Intrinsic Photocatalysts for Visible Light-Driven CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Open
Covalent organic framework (COF) represents an emerging class of porous materials that have exhibited great potential in various applications, particularly in catalysis. In this work, we report a newly designed 2D COF with incorporated Re …
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Applications of infrared spectroscopy in polysaccharide structural analysis: Progress, challenge and perspective Open
Polysaccharides are important biomacromolecules with numerous beneficial functions and a wide range of industrial applications. Functions and properties of polysaccharides are closely related to their structural features. Infrared (IR) spe…
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High-Density Ultra-small Clusters and Single-Atom Fe Sites Embedded in Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) for Highly Efficient Catalytic Advanced Oxidation Processes Open
Ultra-small metal clusters have attracted great attention owing to their superior catalytic performance and extensive application in heterogeneous catalysis. However, the synthesis of high-density metal clusters is very challenging due to …
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High spectral resolution of gamma-rays at room temperature by perovskite CsPbBr3 single crystals Open
Gamma-ray detection and spectroscopy is the quantitative determination of their energy spectra, and is of critical value and critically important in diverse technological and scientific fields. Here we report an improved melt growth method…
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Use and misuse of the Kubelka-Munk function to obtain the band gap energy from diffuse reflectance measurements Open
The determination of the optical band gap energy (Eg ) is important for optimization of the generation of electron/hole pairs in semiconductor materials under illumination. For this purpose, the classical theory proposed by Kubelka and Mun…
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Assessing the structural properties of graphitic and non-graphitic carbons by Raman spectroscopy Open
We study the transformation from molecular to crystalline of (non-)graphitic carbons synthesized from organic precursors by heat-treatment. Easy assessment of structural properties resulting from heat-treatment protocols is mandatory for i…
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Photoluminescence Lifetimes Exceeding 8 μs and Quantum Yields Exceeding 30% in Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films by Ligand Passivation Open
We study the effects of a series of post-deposition ligand treatments on the photoluminescence (PL) of polycrystalline methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite thin films. We show that a variety of Lewis bases can improve the bulk PL quant…
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Nuclear magnetic resonance detection and spectroscopy of single proteins using quantum logic Open
Sensing single proteins with diamonds Nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful technique for medical imaging and the structural analysis of materials, but is usually associated with large-volume samples. Lovchinsky et al. exploited the mag…
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Discovery of topological Weyl fermion lines and drumhead surface states in a room temperature magnet Open
Magnetic Weyl semimetals Weyl semimetals (WSMs)—materials that host exotic quasiparticles called Weyl fermions—must break either spatial inversion or time-reversal symmetry. A number of WSMs that break inversion symmetry have been identifi…
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In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques Open
Preface. List of Abbreviations and Symbols. 1 Basic Principles. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Classical Description. 1.3 Quantum Mechanical Description. 1.4 Macroscopic Magnetization. 1.5 Excitation. 1.6 Bloch Equations. 1.7 Fourier Transform NMR.…
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Angle-multiplexed all-dielectric metasurfaces for broadband molecular fingerprint retrieval Open
Angle-multiplexed dielectric metasurfaces enable sensitive molecular fingerprint detection without the need for spectrometry.
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Exploring Oxygen Activity in the High Energy P2-Type Na<sub>0.78</sub>Ni<sub>0.23</sub>Mn<sub>0.69</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Cathode Material for Na-Ion Batteries Open
Large-scale electric energy storage is fundamental to the use of renewable energy. Recently, research and development efforts on room-temperature sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) have been revitalized, as NIBs are considered promising, low-cost…
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Structural Characterization of Graphene Oxide: Surface Functional Groups and Fractionated Oxidative Debris Open
The purpose of this work is the structural analysis of graphene oxide (GO) and by means of a new structural model to answer the questions arising from the Lerf–Klinowski and the Lee structural models. Surface functional groups of GO layers…
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Quantitative characterization of surface topography using spectral analysis Open
Roughness determines many functional properties of surfaces, such as\nadhesion, friction, and (thermal and electrical) contact conductance. Recent\nanalytical models and simulations enable quantitative prediction of these\nproperties from …
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Selective C–C Coupling in Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction via Efficient Spillover of Intermediates As Supported by Operando Raman Spectroscopy Open
Developing efficient systems for the conversion of carbon dioxide to valuable chemicals using solar power is critical for mitigating climate change and ascertaining the world's future supply of clean fuels. Here, we introduce a mesoscopic …