Radical polymerization ≈ Radical polymerization
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<i>50th Anniversary Perspective</i>: RAFT Polymerization—A User Guide Open
This Perspective summarizes the features and limitations of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses, as our understanding of the process, from both a mechanistic and…
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Fundamental Concepts of Hydrogels: Synthesis, Properties, and Their Applications Open
In the present review, we focused on the fundamental concepts of hydrogels—classification, the polymers involved, synthesis methods, types of hydrogels, properties, and applications of the hydrogel. Hydrogels can be synthesized from natura…
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Advanced Materials by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Open
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been successfully employed for the preparation of various advanced materials with controlled architecture. New catalysts with strongly enhanced activity permit more environmentally benign ATR…
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Emerging Trends in Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Open
In this Perspective, we summarize recent progress in polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) for the rational synthesis of block copolymer nanoparticles with various morphologies. Much of the PISA literature has been based on thermally…
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Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization: Scope, Limitations, and Application to (Bio)Degradable Materials Open
Cyclic monomers bearing either vinyl or exomethylene groups have the ability to be polymerized through a radical pathway via a ring-opening mechanism (addition-fragmentation process), leading to the introduction of functionalities in the p…
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Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Copolymers: A Review on Recent Progresses in Biomedical Applications Open
The innate ability of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) thermo-responsive hydrogel to copolymerize and to graft synthetic polymers and biomolecules, in conjunction with the highly controlled methods of radical polymerization which are …
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Emulsion Templating: Porous Polymers and Beyond Open
Emulsion templating presently extends far beyond the original hydrophobic porous polymers that were synthesized within surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) by using free radical polymerization. This Pers…
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Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using <i>N</i>-Aryl Phenoxazines as Photoredox Catalysts Open
N-Aryl phenoxazines have been synthesized and introduced as strongly reducing metal-free photoredox catalysts in organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization for the synthesis of well-defined polymers. Experiments confirmed quantum…
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Photoinduced Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (O-ATRP): Precision Polymer Synthesis Using Organic Photoredox Catalysis Open
The development of photoinduced organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) has received considerable attention since its introduction in 2014. Expanding on many of the advantages of traditional ATRP, O-ATRP allows well-d…
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Beyond Traditional RAFT: Alternative Activation of Thiocarbonylthio Compounds for Controlled Polymerization Open
Recent developments in polymerization reactions utilizing thiocarbonylthio compounds have highlighted the surprising versatility of these unique molecules. The increasing popularity of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT…
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Progress and Perspectives Beyond Traditional RAFT Polymerization Open
The development of advanced materials based on well‐defined polymeric architectures is proving to be a highly prosperous research direction across both industry and academia. Controlled radical polymerization techniques are receiving unpre…
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A universal method to easily design tough and stretchable hydrogels Open
Hydrogels are flexible materials that have high potential for use in various applications due to their unique properties. However, their applications are greatly restricted by the low mechanical performance caused by high water content and…
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A Mitochondrial-Targeted Nitroxide Is a Potent Inhibitor of Ferroptosis Open
Discovering compounds and mechanisms for inhibiting ferroptosis, a form of regulated, nonapoptotic cell death, has been of great interest in recent years. In this study, we demonstrate the ability of XJB-5-131, JP4-039, and other nitroxide…
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Photocontrolled RAFT polymerization: past, present, and future Open
This review summarizes the development, progress, applications, and future challenges of photocontrolled reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, which has attracted considerable attention in the past several…
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Functional biodegradable polymers <i>via</i> ring-opening polymerization of monomers without protective groups Open
Functional polymers are reviewed which are accessible by the polymerization of reactive monomers. Their synthesis, polymerization, and post-polymerization modification are discussed.
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Visible Light-Mediated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly in the Absence of External Catalyst or Initiator Open
We report the use of visible light to mediate a RAFT dispersion polymerization in the absence of external catalyst or initiator to yield nanoparticles of different morphologies according to a polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) mec…
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Evolution and Future Directions of Metal-Free Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Open
The increasing impact of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in fields beyond traditional polymer science has necessitated the development of alternative strategies for controlling polymer growth. Driven by applications that are se…
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An Oxygen‐Tolerant PET‐RAFT Polymerization for Screening Structure–Activity Relationships Open
The complexity of polymer–protein interactions makes rational design of the best polymer architecture for any given biointerface extremely challenging, and the high throughput synthesis and screening of polymers has emerged as an attractiv…
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Reversing RAFT Polymerization: Near-Quantitative Monomer Generation Via a Catalyst-Free Depolymerization Approach Open
The ability to reverse controlled radical polymerization and regenerate the monomer would be highly beneficial for both fundamental research and applications, yet this has remained very challenging to achieve. Herein, we report a near-quan…
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Living Additive Manufacturing: Transformation of Parent Gels into Diversely Functionalized Daughter Gels Made Possible by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis Open
Light-initiated additive manufacturing techniques typically rely on layer-by-layer addition or continuous extraction of polymers formed via nonliving, free radical polymerization methods that render the final materials "dead" toward furthe…
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Donor–acceptor covalent organic frameworks for visible light induced free radical polymerization Open
Crystalline and porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with donor-acceptor moieties in their backbone are utilized as initiators for visible light induced radical polymerization. The COFs are efficient photoinitiators, maintaining their…
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Frontal Polymerizations: From Chemical Perspectives to Macroscopic Properties and Applications Open
The synthesis and processing of most thermoplastics and thermoset polymeric materials rely on energy-inefficient and environmentally burdensome manufacturing methods. Frontal polymerization is an attractive, scalable alternative due to its…
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Toward Green Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Current Status and Future Challenges Open
Reversible‐deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) have revolutionized synthetic polymer chemistry. Nowadays, RDRPs facilitate design and preparation of materials with controlled architecture, composition, and functionality. Atom tran…
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100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Degradable Polymers from Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization: Latest Advances, New Directions, and Ongoing Challenges Open
Radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) allows facile incorporation of labile groups (e.g., ester) into the main chain of vinyl polymers to obtain (bio)degradable materials. rROP has focused a lot of attention especially since the adven…
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Factors Affecting Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Methods on Finding Template-Monomer Interaction as the Key of Selective Properties of the Materials Open
Molecular imprinting is a technique for creating artificial recognition sites on polymer matrices that complement the template in terms of size, shape, and spatial arrangement of functional groups. The main advantage of Molecularly Imprint…
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Thermo-Responsive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-Cellulose Nanocrystals Hybrid Hydrogels for Wound Dressing Open
Thermo-responsive hydrogels containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), reinforced both with covalent and non-covalent interactions with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), were synthesized via free-radical polymerization in the absence of…
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Metal‐Organic Frameworks in Polymer Science: Polymerization Catalysis, Polymerization Environment, and Hybrid Materials Open
The development of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) has had a significant impact on various fields of chemistry and materials science. Naturally, polymer science also exploited this novel type of material for various purposes, which is due …
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Photo‐Iniferter RAFT Polymerization Open
Light‐mediated polymerization techniques offer distinct advantages over polymerization reactions fueled by thermal energy, such as high spatial and temporal control as well as the possibility to work under mild reaction conditions. Reversi…
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Cross-linked β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels for controlled drug delivery of acyclovir Open
To explore the potential role of polymers in the development of drug-delivery systems, this study investigated the use of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), acrylic acid (AA) and N' N'-methylenebis-acrylamide (MBA) in th…
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Polymerizations in Continuous Flow: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Diverse Polymeric Materials Open
The number of reports using continuous flow technology in tubular reactors to perform precision polymerizations has grown enormously in recent years. Flow polymerizations allow highly efficient preparation of polymers exhibiting well-defin…