Radio occultation
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Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets Open
Key Points Gravity wave packets in the Venusian atmosphere were detected in radio occultation temperature profiles using wavelet transform The characteristics of quasi-monochromatic wave packets were studied in terms of the consistency wit…
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COSMIC‐2 Radio Occultation Constellation: First Results Open
Initial data from the Formosa Satellite‐7/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate (FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2, hereafter C2), a recently launched equatorial constellation of six satellites carrying advanced radio occ…
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Stereo Plume Height and Motion Retrievals for the Record‐Setting Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption of 15 January 2022 Open
Stereo methods using GOES‐17 and Himawari‐8 applied to the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai volcanic plume on 15 January 2022 show overshooting tops reaching 50–55 km altitude, a record in the satellite era. Plume height is important to understan…
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Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of 14 limb and occultation ozone profile data records Open
The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of thes…
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Observed Temperature Changes in the Troposphere and Stratosphere from 1979 to 2018 Open
Temperature observations of the upper-air atmosphere are now available for more than 40 years from both ground- and satellite-based observing systems. Recent years have seen substantial improvements in reducing long-standing discrepancies …
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The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 Radio Occultation Mission after 12 Years: Accomplishments, Remaining Challenges, and Potential Impacts of COSMIC-2 Open
Launched in 2006, the Formosa Satellite Mission 3–Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) was the first constellation of microsatellites carrying global positioning system (GPS) radio occu…
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The 6 September 2017 X‐Class Solar Flares and Their Impacts on the Ionosphere, GNSS, and HF Radio Wave Propagation Open
On 6 September 2017, the Sun emitted two significant solar flares (SFs). The first SF, classified X2.2, peaked at 09:10 UT. The second one, X9.3, which is the most intensive SF in the current solar cycle, peaked at 12:02 UT and was accompa…
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Calibration and Validation of Swarm Plasma Densities and Electron Temperatures Using Ground‐Based Radars and Satellite Radio Occultation Measurements Open
In this study we calibrate and validate in situ ionospheric electron density ( N e ) and temperature ( T e ) measured with Langmuir probes (LPs) on the three Swarm satellites orbiting the Earth in circular, nearly polar orbits at ~500 km a…
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GEROS-ISS: GNSS REflectometry, Radio Occultation, and Scatterometry Onboard the International Space Station Open
GEROS-ISS stands for GNSS REflectometry, radio occultation, and scatterometry onboard the International Space Station (ISS). It is a scientific experiment, successfully proposed to the European Space Agency in 2011. The experiment as the n…
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Initial Assessment of the COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 Neutral Atmosphere Data Quality in NESDIS/STAR Using In Situ and Satellite Data Open
A COSMIC-1/FORMOSAT-3 (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-1 and Formosa Satellite Mission 3) follow-on mission, COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7, had been successfully launched into low-inclination orbits on 25 June…
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First Precise Spaceborne Sea Surface Altimetry With GNSS Reflected Signals Open
The precision of sea surface altimetry using bistatically reflected signals of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is typically one to two orders of magnitude worse than dedicated radar altimeters. However, when the scattering is…
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The Empirical Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (E‐CHAIM): <i>N</i><sub><i>m</i></sub><i>F</i><sub>2</sub> and <i>h</i><sub><i>m</i></sub><i>F</i><sub>2</sub> Open
We present here the Empirical Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (E‐CHAIM) quiet N m F 2 , perturbation N m F 2 , and quiet h m F 2 models. These models provide peak ionospheric characteristics for a domain above 50°N geomagnetic latit…
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Validation of SAGE III/ISS Solar Occultation Ozone Products With Correlative Satellite and Ground‐Based Measurements Open
The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station (SAGE III/ISS) was launched on 19 February 2017 and began routine operation in June 2017. The first 2 years of SAGE III/ISS (v5.1) solar occultation ozone …
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Global 3D Features of Error Variances of GPS Radio Occultation and Radiosonde Observations Open
Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) and radiosonde (RS) observations are two major types of observations assimilated in numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. Observation error variances are required input that dete…
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Characterizing GPS radio occultation loss of lock due to ionospheric weather Open
Transient loss of lock is one of the key space weather effects on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Based on the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occ…
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Consistency and structural uncertainty of multi-mission GPS radio occultation records Open
Atmospheric climate monitoring requires observations of high quality that conform to the criteria of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). Radio occultation (RO) data based on Global Positioning System (GPS) signals are available sin…
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Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval and Analysis by Multiple Data Sources: Ground-Based GNSS, Radio Occultation, Radiosonde, Microwave Satellite, and NWP Reanalysis Data Open
Precipitable water vapor (PWV) content detection is vital to heavy rain prediction; up to now, lots of different measuring methods and devices are developed to observe PWV. In general, these methods can be divided into two categories, grou…
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Examining the Wind Shear Theory of Sporadic E With ICON/MIGHTI Winds and COSMIC‐2 Radio Occultation Data Open
The wind shear theory is widely accepted as an explanation for the formation of a sporadic E (Es) layer, but the direct comparison of Es with the local wind shear has been limited due to the lack of neutral wind measurements. This study ex…
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Representation of Vertical Atmospheric Structures by Radio Occultation Observations in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere: Comparison to High-Resolution Radiosonde Profiles Open
Global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) is capable of retrieving vertical profiles of atmospheric parameters with high resolution (<100 m), which can be achieved in spherically symmetric atmosphere. Horizontal inhomogeneity …
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The power of vertical geolocation of atmospheric profiles from GNSS radio occultation Open
High‐resolution measurements from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) provide atmospheric profiles with independent information on altitude and pressure. This unique property is of crucial advantage when analyz…
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A decadal satellite record of gravity wave activity in the lower stratosphere to study polar stratospheric cloud formation Open
Atmospheric gravity waves yield substantial small-scale temperature fluctuations that can trigger the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). This paper introduces a new satellite record of gravity wave activity in the polar lower …
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Quality aspects of the Wegener Center multi-satellite GPS radio occultation record OPSv5.6 Open
The demand for high-quality atmospheric data records, which are applicable in climate studies, is undisputed. Using such records requires knowledge of the quality and the specific characteristics of all contained data sources. The latest v…
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Forecast Impact of <span>FORMOSAT</span>‐7/<span>COSMIC</span>‐2 <span>GNSS</span> Radio Occultation Measurements Open
The FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 GNSS‐RO mission was launched on June 25, 2019, and it has provided a large increase in the number of GNSS‐RO observations available for operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) in the latitude band between ±40…
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Stratospheric gravity wave momentum flux from radio occultations Open
Triples of GPS radio occultation (RO) temperature data are used to derive horizontal and vertical gravity wave (GW) parameters in the stratosphere between 20 km and 40 km from which the vertical flux of horizontal momentum is determined. C…
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Multi‐Instrumental Observation of Storm‐Induced Ionospheric Plasma Bubbles at Equatorial and Middle Latitudes Open
June solstice is considered as a period with the lowest probability to observe typical equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) in the postsunset period. The severe geomagnetic storm on 22–23 June 2015 has drastically changed the situation. Penetr…
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On the Analytical Description of the Topside Ionosphere by NeQuick: Modeling the Scale Height Through COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 Selected Data Open
The analytical description of the topside ionosphere included in the NeQuick model is studied in detail. First, the modeled scale height behavior is analyzed at infinity and for the lowest part of the topside region; in the latter case, th…
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Characterization of the long-term radiosonde temperature biases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using COSMIC and Metop-A/GRAS data from 2006 to 2014 Open
Radiosonde observations (RAOBs) have provided the only long-term global in situ temperature measurements in the troposphere and lower stratosphere since 1958. In this study, we use consistently reprocessed Global Positioning System (GPS) r…
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Global morphology of ionospheric sporadic E layer from the FormoSat-3/COSMIC GPS radio occultation experiment Open
Ionospheric sporadic-E (Es) activity and global morphology were studied using the 50 Hz signal-to-noise ratio amplitude and excess phase measurements from the FormoSat-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climat…
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Global‐Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk Mission Implementation: 2. Observations, Data Pipeline, and Level 1 Data Products Open
The Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) is a National Aeronautics and Space Administration mission of opportunity designed to study how the Earth's ionosphere‐thermosphere system responds to geomagnetic storms, solar radi…
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The FengYun-3C radio occultation sounder GNOS: a review of the mission and its early results and science applications Open
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Occultation Sounder (GNOS) is one of the new-generation payloads on board the Chinese FengYun 3 (FY-3) series of operational meteorological satellites for sounding the Earth's neutral atmospher…