Lipid raft ≈ Lipid raft
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Lipids in exosomes: Current knowledge and the way forward Open
Lipids are essential components of exosomal membranes, and it is well-known that specific lipids are enriched in exosomes compared to their parent cells. In this review we discuss current knowledge about the lipid composition of exosomes. …
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Membrane Lipid Composition: Effect on Membrane and Organelle Structure, Function and Compartmentalization and Therapeutic Avenues Open
Biological membranes are key elements for the maintenance of cell architecture and physiology. Beyond a pure barrier separating the inner space of the cell from the outer, the plasma membrane is a scaffold and player in cell-to-cell commun…
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Emerging roles of lipid metabolism in cancer metastasis Open
Cancer cells frequently display fundamentally altered cellular metabolism, which provides the biochemical foundation and directly contributes to tumorigenicity and malignancy. Rewiring of metabolic programmes, such as aerobic glycolysis an…
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Structural and functional roles of ether lipids Open
Ether lipids, such as plasmalogens, are peroxisome-derived glycerophospholipids in which the hydrocarbon chain at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone is attached by an ether bond, as opposed to an ester bond in the more common diacy…
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Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Immune Cells Open
Alterations on the immune system caused by omega-3 fatty acids have been described for 30 years. This family of polyunsaturated fatty acids exerts major alterations on the activation of cells from both the innate and the adaptive immune sy…
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Lipid Droplets in Cancer: Guardians of Fat in a Stressful World Open
Cancer cells possess remarkable abilities to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. Their survival during severe nutrient and oxidative stress depends on their capacity to acquire extracellular lipids and the plasticity of their mechan…
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Lipid21: Complex Lipid Membrane Simulations with AMBER Open
We extend the modular AMBER lipid force field to include anionic lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) lipids, and sphingomyelin, allowing the simulation of realistic cell membrane lipid compositions, including raft-like domains. Head …
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Lipid rafts in immune signalling: current progress and future perspective Open
Summary Lipid rafts are dynamic assemblies of proteins and lipids that harbour many receptors and regulatory molecules and so act as a platform for signal transduction. They float freely within the liquid‐disordered bilayer of cellular mem…
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The role of cholesterol metabolism in cancer. Open
Cholesterol plays an important role in cancer development. Both clinical and experimental studies have found that hypercholesterolemia and a high-fat high-cholesterol diet can affect cancer development. External cholesterol can directly ac…
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Gangliosides in the Brain: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Applications Open
Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids highly abundant in the nervous system, and carry most of the sialic acid residues in the brain. Gangliosides are enriched in cell membrane microdomains ("lipid rafts") and play important roles in the mod…
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Caveolae: Structure, Function, and Relationship to Disease Open
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is not a simple sheet of lipids and proteins but is differentiated into subdomains with crucial functions. Caveolae, small pits in the plasma membrane, are the most abundant surface subdomains of man…
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Biosynthesis and biology of mammalian GPI-anchored proteins Open
At least 150 human proteins are glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs). The protein moiety of GPI-APs lacking transmembrane domains is anchored to the plasma membrane with GPI covalently attached to the C-terminus. The GP…
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Membrane Microdomain Disassembly Inhibits MRSA Antibiotic Resistance Open
A number of bacterial cell processes are confined functional membrane microdomains (FMMs), structurally and functionally similar to lipid rafts of eukaryotic cells. How bacteria organize these intricate platforms and what their biological …
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Lipid rafts as signaling hubs in cancer cell survival/death and invasion: implications in tumor progression and therapy Open
Cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich membrane domains, known as lipid rafts or membrane rafts, play a critical role in the compartmentalization of signaling pathways. Physical segregation of proteins in lipid rafts may modulate the accessibility …
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Enhanced mRNA delivery into lymphocytes enabled by lipid-varied libraries of charge-altering releasable transporters Open
Significance The transfection of lymphocytes with genetic material is a significant unmet need in immunotherapy and the treatment of many diseases. Current transfection strategies primarily rely on physical methods that must be conducted e…
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Targeting lipid metabolism to overcome EMT-associated drug resistance via integrin β3/FAK pathway and tumor-associated macrophage repolarization using legumain-activatable delivery Open
This study provides a promising simvastatin-based nanomedicine strategy targeting cholesterol metabolism to reverse EMT and repolarize TAM to treat drug-resistant cancer. The elucidation of the molecular pathways (cholesterol/lipid raft/in…
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Neuronal Sigma-1 Receptors: Signaling Functions and Protective Roles in Neurodegenerative Diseases Open
Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a multi-functional, ligand-operated protein situated in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and changes in its function and/or expression have been associated with various neurological disorders including amyotro…
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C1q and HMGB1 reciprocally regulate human macrophage polarization Open
Key Points C1q can form a multimolecular signaling complex with HMGB1, RAGE, and LAIR-1 in lipid rafts. C1q and HMGB1 together promote monocytes to differentiate to an anti-inflammatory phenotype.
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There Is No Simple Model of the Plasma Membrane Organization Open
Ever since technologies enabled the characterization of eukaryotic plasma membranes, heterogeneities in the distributions of its constituents were observed. Over the years this led to the proposal of various models describing the plasma me…
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ApoE4 Alters ABCA1 Membrane Trafficking in Astrocytes Open
The APOE ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE protein aggregation plays a central role in AD pathology, including the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ). Lipid-poor ApoE4 protein is prone…
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Lipid and Lipid Raft Alteration in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Window for the Development of New Biomarkers Open
Lipids in the brain are major components playing structural functions as well as physiological roles in nerve cells, such as neural communication, neurogenesis, synaptic transmission, signal transduction, membrane compartmentalization, and…
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Microdomains, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis Open
Elevated levels of cholesteryl ester (CE)–enriched apoB containing plasma lipoproteins lead to increased foam cell formation, the first step in the development of atherosclerosis. Unregulated uptake of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol b…
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Evidence for the involvement of lipid rafts localized at the ER-mitochondria associated membranes in autophagosome formation Open
Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that interact with mitochondria. This membrane scrambling between ER and mitochondria appears to play a critical role in the earliest steps of autoph…
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Metabolic activity induces membrane phase separation in endoplasmic reticulum Open
Significance Membranes can adopt distinct phases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest membrane system inside cells and also harbors the richest metabolic activity including lipid synthesis. Unlike plasma membrane where separated …
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Cholesterol in Relation to COVID-19: Should We Care about It? Open
Current data suggest that infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) seems to follow a more severe clinical course in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), h…
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Lipid rafts and neurodegeneration: structural and functional roles in physiologic aging and neurodegenerative diseases Open
Lipid rafts are small, dynamic membrane areas characterized by the clustering of selected membrane lipids as the result of the spontaneous separation of glycolipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol in a liquid-ordered phase. The exact dynam…
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Insight into Extracellular Vesicle-Cell Communication: From Cell Recognition to Intracellular Fate Open
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogamous lipid bilayer-enclosed membranous structures secreted by cells. They are comprised of apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, and carry a range of nucleic acids and proteins that are nec…
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Gangliosides: Structures, Biosynthesis, Analysis, and Roles in Cancer Open
Gangliosides are acidic glycosphingolipids containing one or more sialic acid residues. They are essential compounds at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, where they interact with phospholipids, cholesterol, and transmembrane protei…
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The in vivo structure of biological membranes and evidence for lipid domains Open
Examining the fundamental structure and processes of living cells at the nanoscale poses a unique analytical challenge, as cells are dynamic, chemically diverse, and fragile. A case in point is the cell membrane, which is too small to be s…
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Role of Cholesterol and Lipid Rafts in Cancer Signaling: A Promising Therapeutic Opportunity? Open
Cholesterol is a lipid molecule that plays an essential role in a number of biological processes, both physiological and pathological. It is an essential structural constituent of cell membranes, and it is fundamental for biosynthesis, int…