Word recognition
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OB1-reader: A model of word recognition and eye movements in text reading. Open
Decades of reading research have led to sophisticated accounts of single-word recognition and, in parallel, accounts of eye-movement control in text reading. Although these two endeavors have strongly advanced the field, their relative ind…
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Meta‐analysis of quality‐of‐life improvement after cochlear implantation and associations with speech recognition abilities Open
Objectives Determine the impact of cochlear implantation on quality of life (QOL) and determine the correlation between QOL and speech recognition ability. Study Design Two authors independently searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and the Cu…
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CONTEXTUAL WORD LEARNING DURING READING IN A SECOND LANGUAGE Open
Reading affords opportunities for L2 vocabulary acquisition. Empirical research into the pace and trajectory of this acquisition has both theoretical and applied value. Charting the development of different aspects of word knowledge can ve…
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Word Knowledge: Exploring the Relationships and Order of Acquisition of Vocabulary Knowledge Components Open
This study explores the overall nature of the vocabulary knowledge construct by examining the relationships and order of acquisition of multiple word knowledge components. A total of 144 Spanish learners of English were tested on their rec…
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How morphology impacts reading and spelling: advancing the role of morphology in models of literacy development Open
A defining feature of language lies in its capacity to represent meaning across oral and written forms. Morphemes, the smallest units of meaning in a language, are the fundamental building blocks that encode meaning, and morphological skil…
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Interpreting Vocabulary Test Scores: What Do Various Item Formats Tell Us About Learners’ Ability to Employ Words? Open
The scores from vocabulary size tests have typically been interpreted as demonstrating that the target words are “known” or “learned.” But “knowing” a word should entail the ability to use it in real language communication in one or more o…
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Discrimination in lexical decision Open
In this study we present a novel set of discrimination-based indicators of language processing derived from Naive Discriminative Learning (ndl) theory. We compare the effectiveness of these new measures with classical lexical-distributiona…
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Visual word recognition in a second language: A test of the lexical entrenchment hypothesis with lexical decision times Open
The word frequency effect is stronger in second language (L2) processing than in first language (L1) processing. According to the lexical entrenchment hypothesis, this difference is not due to a qualitative difference in word processing be…
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The Simple View of Reading Across Development: Prediction of Grade 3 Reading Comprehension From Prekindergarten Skills Open
We assessed the simple view of reading as a framework for Grade 3 reading comprehension in two ways. We first confirmed that a structural equation model in which word recognition, listening comprehension, and reading comprehension were ass…
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The more similar the better? Factors in learning cognates, false cognates and non-cognate words Open
In this study we explored factors that determine the knowledge of L2 words with orthographic neighbours in L1 (cognates and false cognates). We asked 150 Polish learners of English to translate 105 English non-cognate words, cognates, and …
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Parallel spatial channels converge at a bottleneck in anterior word-selective cortex Open
In most environments, the visual system is confronted with many relevant objects simultaneously. That is especially true during reading. However, behavioral data demonstrate that a serial bottleneck prevents recognition of more than one wo…
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Hemispheric Organization for Visual Object Recognition: A Theoretical Account and Empirical Evidence Open
Despite the similarity in structure, the hemispheres of the human brain have somewhat different functions. A traditional view of hemispheric organization asserts that there are independent and largely lateralized domain-specific regions in…
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What Type of Vocabulary Knowledge Predicts Reading Comprehension: Word Meaning Recall or Word Meaning Recognition? Open
This study examined how well second language (L2) recall and recognition vocabulary tests correlated with a reading test, how well each vocabulary test discriminated between reading proficiency levels, and how accurate each test was in pre…
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Association of Patient-Related Factors With Adult Cochlear Implant Speech Recognition Outcomes Open
Given that most associations were weak, negligible, or absent, patient-related factors often thought to affect CI speech recognition ability offer limited assistance in clinical decision-making in cochlear implantation. Additional research…
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The effects of orthographic neighborhood in reading and laboratory word identification tasks: A review Open
This paper reviews recent research on the effects of “orthographic \nneighbors” (i.e., words that can be created by changing one letter of the \nstimulus item, preserving letter positions, see Coltheart et al., 1977) on \nreading and labor…
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Masked Speech Recognition in School-Age Children Open
Children who are typically developing often struggle to hear and understand speech in the presence of competing background sounds, particularly when the background sounds are also speech. For example, in many cases, young school-age childr…
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Morphological effects in visual word recognition: Children, adolescents, and adults. Open
The process by which morphologically complex words are recognized and stored is a matter of ongoing debate. A large body of evidence indicates that complex words are automatically decomposed during visual word recognition in adult readers.…
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Evaluation of a revised indication for determining adult cochlear implant candidacy Open
Objective To evaluate the use of monosyllabic word recognition versus sentence recognition to determine candidacy and long‐term benefit for cochlear implantation. Study Design Prospective multi‐center single‐subject design. Methods A total…
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Semantic Richness Effects in Spoken Word Recognition: A Lexical Decision and Semantic Categorization Megastudy Open
A large number of studies have demonstrated that semantic richness dimensions [e.g., number of features, semantic neighborhood density, semantic diversity , concreteness, emotional valence] influence word recognition processes. Some of the…
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Effects of Noise on Speech Recognition and Listening Effort in Children With Normal Hearing and Children With Mild Bilateral or Unilateral Hearing Loss Open
Purpose This study examined the effects of stimulus type and hearing status on speech recognition and listening effort in children with normal hearing (NH) and children with mild bilateral hearing loss (MBHL) or unilateral hearing loss (UH…
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Robsut Wrod Reocginiton via Semi-Character Recurrent Neural Network Open
Language processing mechanism by humans is generally more robust than computers. The Cmabrigde Uinervtisy (Cambridge University) effect from the psycholinguistics literature has demonstrated such a robust word processing mechanism, where j…
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Pupillary responses to affective words in bilinguals’ first versus second language Open
Late bilinguals often report less emotional involvement in their second language, a phenomenon called reduced emotional resonance in L2. The present study measured pupil dilation in response to high- versus low-arousing words (e.g., riot v…
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Speech Recognition in Adults With Cochlear Implants: The Effects of Working Memory, Phonological Sensitivity, and Aging Open
Purpose Models of speech recognition suggest that “top-down” linguistic and cognitive functions, such as use of phonotactic constraints and working memory, facilitate recognition under conditions of degradation, such as in noise. The quest…
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The effect of a specialized dyslexia font, OpenDyslexic, on reading rate and accuracy Open
A single-subject alternating treatment design was used to investigate the extent to which a specialized dyslexia font, OpenDyslexic, impacted reading rate or accuracy compared to two commonly used fonts when used with elementary students i…
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Parafoveal previews and lexical frequency in natural reading: Evidence from eye movements and fixation-related potentials. Open
Participants' eye movements and electroencephalogram (EEG) signal were recorded as they read sentences displayed according to the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm. Two target words in each sentence were manipulated for lexical frequency (…
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It’s all in the delivery: Effects of context valence, arousal, and concreteness on visual word processing Open
Prior research has examined how distributional properties of contexts (number of unique contexts or their informativeness) influence the effort of word recognition. These properties do not directly interrogate the semantic properties of co…
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Duration of Processor Use Per Day Is Significantly Correlated With Speech Recognition Abilities in Adults With Cochlear Implants Open
Objective: Quantify the relationship between average hours of processor use per day and measures of speech recognition in post-lingually deafened adults with cochlear implants. Setting: Cochlear implant (CI) program at a tertiary medical c…
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A Longitudinal Analysis of the Trajectories and Predictors of Word Reading and Reading Comprehension Development Among At-Risk Readers Open
This study explored the developmental trajectories and predictors of word reading and reading comprehension among young at-risk readers. In fall of first grade, 185 students identified as at-risk for reading difficulties were assessed on m…
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Vocabulary Knowledge Predicts Lexical Processing: Evidence from a Group of Participants with Diverse Educational Backgrounds Open
Vocabulary knowledge is central to a speaker's command of their language. In previous research, greater vocabulary knowledge has been associated with advantages in language processing. In this study, we examined the relationship between in…
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Word Reading Fluency as a Serial Naming Task Open
Word list reading fluency is theoretically expected to depend on single word reading speed. Yet the correlation between the two diminishes with increasing fluency, while fluency remains strongly correlated to serial digit naming. We hypoth…