Lemma (botany)
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Nonlinear Potential Theory of Degenerate Elliptic Equations Open
A self-contained treatment appropriate for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, this text offers a detailed development of the necessary background for its survey of the nonlinear potential theory of superharmonic functions.Start…
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How Many Words Do We Know? Practical Estimates of Vocabulary Size Dependent on Word Definition, the Degree of Language Input and the Participant’s Age Open
Based on an analysis of the literature and a large scale crowdsourcing experiment, we estimate that an average 20-year-old native speaker of American English knows 42,000 lemmas and 4,200 non-transparent multiword expressions, derived from…
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Security Control for Discrete-Time Stochastic Nonlinear Systems Subject to Deception Attacks Open
This paper is concerned with the security control problem with quadratic cost criterion for a class of discrete-time stochastic nonlinear systems subject to deception attacks. A definition of security in probability is adopted to account f…
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Hybrid Control Scheme for Projective Lag Synchronization of Riemann–Liouville Sense Fractional Order Memristive BAM NeuralNetworks with Mixed Delays Open
This sequel is concerned with the analysis of projective lag synchronization of Riemann–Liouville sense fractional order memristive BAM neural networks (FOMBNNs) with mixed time delays via hybrid controller. Firstly, a new type of hybrid c…
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<i>LATERAL FLORET 1</i> induced the three-florets spikelet in rice Open
Significance In cereal crops, the number of florets in a spikelet is an important factor affecting the grain number per panicle and then the grain yield. In wild-type rice, one spikelet produces one fertile floret. This study characterized…
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A Novel Memory Filtering Design for Semi-Markovian Jump Time-Delay Systems Open
This paper investigates the problem of delay-dependent H∞ memory filtering for continuous-time semi-Markovian jump linear systems (MJLSs) with time-varying delay in an input-output framework. Differing from the constant transition rates (T…
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The Evolution of Beliefs over Signed Social Networks Open
We study the evolution of opinions (or beliefs) over a social network modeled as a signed graph. The sign attached to an edge in this graph characterizes whether the corresponding individuals or end nodes are friends (positive links) or en…
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FZP determines grain size and sterile lemma fate in rice Open
In grass, the spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure that directly determines grain yield. Despite a great deal of research, the molecular mechanisms behind spikelet development are not fully understood. In the study, FZP encodes an …
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How to Quantify a Dynamical Quantum Resource Open
We show that the generalization of the relative entropy of a resource from states to channels is not unique, and there are at least six such generalizations. Then, we show that two of these generalizations are asymptotically continuous, sa…
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Fisher-Rao Metric, Geometry, and Complexity of Neural Networks Open
We study the relationship between geometry and capacity measures for deep neural networks from an invariance viewpoint. We introduce a new notion of capacity --- the Fisher-Rao norm --- that possesses desirable invariance properties and is…
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Generalizing to unseen domains via distribution matching Open
Supervised learning results typically rely on assumptions of i.i.d. data. Unfortunately, those assumptions are commonly violated in practice. In this work, we tackle such problem by focusing on domain generalization: a formalization where …
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<i>APETALA 2‐</i>like genes <i>AP2L2</i> and <i>Q</i> specify lemma identity and axillary floral meristem development in wheat Open
Summary The spikelet is the basic unit of the grass inflorescence. In tetraploid ( Triticum turgidum ) and hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), the spikelet is a short indeterminate branch with two proximal sterile bracts (glumes) follow…
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Trust Region Policy Optimisation in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Open
Trust region methods rigorously enabled reinforcement learning (RL) agents to learn monotonically improving policies, leading to superior performance on a variety of tasks. Unfortunately, when it comes to multi-agent reinforcement learning…
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Quantum Communication Using Coherent Rejection Sampling Open
Compression of a message up to the information it carries is key to many tasks involved in classical and quantum information theory. Schumacher [B. Schumacher, Phys. Rev. A 51, 2738 (1995)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.51.2738] provided o…
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Morphology based automatic acquisition of large-coverage lexica Open
In this article, we introduce a new technique for constructing wide-coverage morphological lexica from large corpora and morphological knowledge, with an application to French. Basically, it relies on the idea that the existence of a hypot…
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A Morse lemma for quasigeodesics in symmetric spaces and euclidean buildings Open
We prove a Morse lemma for regular quasigeodesics in nonpositively curved symmetric spaces and euclidean buildings. We apply it to give a new coarse geometric characterization of Anosov subgroups of the isometry groups of such spaces simpl…
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<i>NONSTOP GLUMES1</i> Encodes a C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein That Regulates Spikelet Development in Rice Open
The spikelet is an inflorescence structure unique to grasses. The molecular mechanisms underlying spikelet development and evolution are unclear. In this study, we characterized three allelic recessive mutants in rice (Oryza sativa): nonst…
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Swearing in informal spoken English: 1990s–2010s Open
This paper investigates changes in swearing usage in informal speech using large-scale corpus data, comparing the occurrence and social distribution of swear words in two corpora of informal spoken British English: the demographically-samp…
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G1/ELE Functions in the Development of Rice Lemmas in Addition to Determining Identities of Empty Glumes Open
Rice empty glumes, also named sterile lemmas or rudimentary lemmas according to different interpretations, are distinct from lemmas in morphology and cellular pattern. Consistently, the molecular mechanism to control the development of lem…
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Variations on Barbălat's Lemma Open
It is not hard to prove that a uniformly continuous real function, whose integral up to infinity exists, vanishes at infinity, and it is probably little known that this statement runs under the name "Barbalat's Lemma." In fact, the latter …
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A NEYMAN-PEARSON PERSPECTIVE ON OPTIMAL REINSURANCE WITH CONSTRAINTS Open
The formulation of optimal reinsurance policies that take various practical constraints into account is a problem commonly encountered by practitioners. In the context of a distortion-risk-measure-based optimal reinsurance model without mo…
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Neural adaptive quantized output-feedback control-based synchronization of uncertain time-delay incommensurate fractional-order chaotic systems with input nonlinearities Open
research is concerned with the problem of generalized function projective \nsynchronization of nonlinear uncertain time-delay incommensurate fractional-order \nchaotic systems with input nonlinearities. The considered problem is challengin…
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Quadratic Matrix Inequalities with Applications to Data-Based Control Open
This paper studies several problems related to quadratic matrix inequalities (QMIs), i.e., inequalities in the Loewner order involving quadratic functions of matrix variables. In particular, we provide conditions under which the solution s…
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A Trajectory Planning Based Controller to Regulate an Uncertain 3D Overhead Crane System Open
We introduce a control strategy to solve the regulation control problem, from the perspective of trajectory planning, for an uncertain 3D overhead crane. The proposed solution was developed based on an adaptive control approach that takes …
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A modified proof of pullback attractors in a Sobolev space for stochastic FitzHugh-Nagumo equations Open
A bi-spatial pullback attractor is obtained for non-autonomous and stochastic FitzHugh-Nagumo equations when the initial space is $L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)^2$ and the terminate space is $H^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\times L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$. Some new techni…
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Morphological Smoothing and Extrapolation of Word Embeddings Open
Languages with rich inflectional morphology exhibit lexical data sparsity, since the word used to express a given concept will vary with the syntactic context.For instance, each count noun in Czech has 12 forms (where English uses only sin…
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Global projective lag synchronization of fractional order memristor based BAM neural networks with mixed time varying delays Open
This paper addresses Master–Slave synchronization for some memristor‐based fractional‐order BAM neural networks (MFBNNs) with mixed time varying delays and switching jumps mismatch. Firstly, considering the inherent characteristic of FMNNs…
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The CoNLL--SIGMORPHON 2018 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection Open
The CoNLL--SIGMORPHON 2018 shared task on supervised learning of morphological generation featured data sets from 103 typologically diverse languages. Apart from extending the number of languages involved in earlier supervised tasks of gen…
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Decidability of conversion for type theory in type theory Open
Type theory should be able to handle its own meta-theory, both to justify its foundational claims and to obtain a verified implementation. At the core of a type checker for intensional type theory lies an algorithm to check equality of typ…
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SHARP BOUNDS OF SOME COEFFICIENT FUNCTIONALS OVER THE CLASS OF FUNCTIONS CONVEX IN THE DIRECTION OF THE IMAGINARY AXIS Open
We apply the Schwarz lemma to find general formulas for the third coefficient of Carathéodory functions dependent on a parameter in the closed unit polydisk. Next we find sharp estimates of the Hankel determinant $H_{2,2}$ and Zalcman func…