Sophistication ≈ Sophistication
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Improving the forecast for biodiversity under climate change Open
BACKGROUND As global climate change accelerates, one of the most urgent tasks for the coming decades is to develop accurate predictions about biological responses to guide the effective protection of biodiversity. Predictive models in biol…
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Online Human-Bot Interactions: Detection, Estimation, and Characterization Open
Increasing evidence suggests that a growing amount of social media content is generated by autonomous entities known as social bots. In this work we present a framework to detect such entities on Twitter. We leverage more than a thousand f…
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Processing parameters in laser powder bed fusion metal additive manufacturing Open
As metallic additive manufacturing grew in sophistication, users have requested greater control over the systems, namely the ability to fully change the process parameters. The goal of this manuscript is to review the effects of major proc…
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Technology in Parkinson's disease: Challenges and opportunities Open
The miniaturization, sophistication, proliferation, and accessibility of technologies are enabling the capture of more and previously inaccessible phenomena in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, more information has not translated into a g…
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Programmed Inequality: How Britain Discarded Women Technologists and Lost Its Edge in Computing Open
How Britain lost its early dominance in computing by systematically discriminating against its most qualified workers: women. In 1944, Britain led the world in electronic computing. By 1974, the British computer industry was all but extinc…
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Electric Fields and Enzyme Catalysis Open
What happens inside an enzyme's active site to allow slow and difficult chemical reactions to occur so rapidly? This question has occupied biochemists’ attention for a long time. Computer models of increasing sophistication have predicted …
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Leadership in applied psychology: Three waves of theory and research. Open
Although in the early years of the Journal leadership research was rare and focused primarily on traits differentiating leaders from nonleaders, subsequent to World War II the research area developed in 3 major waves of conceptual, empiric…
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Ancient lowland Maya complexity as revealed by airborne laser scanning of northern Guatemala Open
Classic Maya civilization in detail Lidar (a type of airborne laser scanning) provides a powerful technique for three-dimensional mapping of topographic features. It is proving to be a valuable tool in archaeology, particularly where the r…
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The tool for the automatic analysis of lexical sophistication (TAALES): version 2.0 Open
This study introduces the second release of the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Lexical Sophistication (TAALES 2.0), a freely available and easy-to-use text analysis tool. TAALES 2.0 is housed on a user's hard drive (allowing for secure…
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Linguistic features in writing quality and development: An overview Open
This paper provides an overview of how analyses of linguistic features in writing samples provide a greater understanding of predictions of both text quality and writer development and links between language features within texts. Specific…
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Online Human-Bot Interactions: Detection, Estimation, and Characterization Open
Increasing evidence suggests that a growing amount of social media content is generated by autonomous entities known as social bots. In this work we present a framework to detect such entities on Twitter. We leverage more than a thousand f…
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Intrusion Detection Systems: A Survey and Taxonomy Open
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) plays a part in modern cyber security, as a result of the increasing need for cyber security systems in the “real” world due to the increasing number of cyber attacks, more sophisticated systems are requir…
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Mobile Microrobots for Active Therapeutic Delivery Open
Recent advances in the versatility and sophistication of design, fabrication, and control methods of mobile microrobots could have a transforming impact on future healthcare technologies. Self‐propelled or remotely actuated, synthetic, or …
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Mixed methods and survey research in family medicine and community health Open
Many family medicine and community health researchers use surveys as an original research methodology. Our purpose is to illustrate how survey research provides an important form of quantitative research that can be effectively combined wi…
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Economic Complexity and Environmental Performance: Evidence from a World Sample Open
In this paper, we analyze the relationship between economic complexity and environmental performance using annual data on 88 developed and developing countries for the period of 2002–2012. We use the Economic Complexity Index, which links …
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Measuring Syntactic Development in L2 Writing: Fine Grained Indices of Syntactic Complexity and Usage-Based Indices of Syntactic Sophistication Open
Syntactic complexity has been an area of significant interest in L2 writing development studies over the past 45 years. Despite the regularity in which syntactic complexity measures have been employed, the construct is still relatively und…
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The Emerging Threat of Ai-driven Cyber Attacks: A Review Open
Cyberattacks are becoming more sophisticated and ubiquitous. Cybercriminals are inevitably adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to evade the cyberspace and cause greater damages without being noticed. Researchers in cybersecuri…
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A Survey of Learning in Multiagent Environments: Dealing with Non-Stationarity Open
The key challenge in multiagent learning is learning a best response to the behaviour of other agents, which may be non-stationary: if the other agents adapt their strategy as well, the learning target moves. Disparate streams of research …
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UAV-Based Structural Damage Mapping: A Review Open
Structural disaster damage detection and characterization is one of the oldest remote sensing challenges, and the utility of virtually every type of active and passive sensor deployed on various air- and spaceborne platforms has been asses…
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Scaffold-free cell-based tissue engineering therapies: advances, shortfalls and forecast Open
Cell-based scaffold-free therapies seek to develop in vitro organotypic three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like surrogates, capitalising upon the inherent capacity of cells to create tissues with efficiency and sophistication that is still unpa…
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Terrorist Use of the Internet by the Numbers Open
Research Summary Public interest and policy debates surrounding the role of the Internet in terrorist activities is increasing. Criminology has said very little on the matter. By using a unique data set of 223 convicted United Kingdom–base…
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The effect of the Internet on economic sophistication: An empirical analysis Open
Backed by empirical results obtained from dynamic panel data analysis, this letter contends that the Internet has a positive effect on the sophistication of exported products after controlling for potential covariates.
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Plugged In Open
This book is an illuminating study of the complex relationship between children and media in the digital age. Now, as never before, young people are surrounded by media, thanks to the sophistication and portability of the technology that p…
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Young Carers Research, Practice and Policy: An Overview and Critical Perspective on Possible Future Directions Open
Many children, adolescents, teenagers, and young adults have caring responsibilities for parents and family members. These young carers and young adult carers are present in every country. Their responsibilities include domestic chores as …
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Nanoemulsions in Drug Delivery: Formulation to Medical Application Open
Nanoscale oil-in-water emulsions (NEs), heterogeneous systems of two immiscible liquids stabilized by emulsifiers or surfactants, show great potential in medical applications because of their attractive characteristics for drug delivery. N…
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Hybrid Genetic Search for the CVRP: Open-Source Implementation and SWAP*\n Neighborhood Open
The vehicle routing problem is one of the most studied combinatorial\noptimization topics, due to its practical importance and methodological\ninterest. Yet, despite extensive methodological progress, many recent studies\nare hampered by t…
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Smart Contract Templates: foundations, design landscape and research directions Open
In this position paper, we consider some foundational topics regarding smart contracts (such as terminology, automation, enforceability, and semantics) and define a smart contract as an automatable and enforceable agreement. We explore a s…
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Data Analysis Strategies in Medical Imaging Open
Radiographic imaging continues to be one of the most effective and clinically useful tools within oncology. Sophistication of artificial intelligence has allowed for detailed quantification of radiographic characteristics of tissues using …
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Understanding Android App Piggybacking: A Systematic Study of Malicious Code Grafting Open
The Android packaging model offers ample opportunities for malware writers to piggyback malicious code in popular apps, which can then be easily spread to a large user base. Although recent research has produced approaches and tools to ide…
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Advanced Technologies Adoption and Use by U.S. Firms: Evidence from the Annual Business Survey Open
We introduce a new survey module intended to complement and expand research on the causes and consequences of advanced technology adoption.The 2018 Annual Business Survey (ABS), conducted by the Census Bureau in partnership with the Nation…