T cell ≈ T cell
View article: Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade
Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade Open
The release of negative regulators of immune activation (immune checkpoints) that limit antitumor responses has resulted in unprecedented rates of long-lasting tumor responses in patients with a variety of cancers. This can be achieved by …
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IFN-γ–related mRNA profile predicts clinical response to PD-1 blockade Open
Programmed death-1-directed (PD-1-directed) immune checkpoint blockade results in durable antitumor activity in many advanced malignancies. Recent studies suggest that IFN-γ is a critical driver of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) express…
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Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Open
Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed great threat to human health. T cells play a critical role in antiviral immunity but their num…
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Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma Open
Ide-cel induced responses in a majority of heavily pretreated patients with refractory and relapsed myeloma; MRD-negative status was achieved in 26% of treated patients. Almost all patients had grade 3 or 4 toxic effects, most commonly hem…
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PD-1 expression by tumour-associated macrophages inhibits phagocytosis and tumour immunity Open
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor that is upregulated on activated T cells for the induction of immune tolerance. Tumour cells frequently overexpress the ligand for PD-1, programmed cell death ligand 1…
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Use of CAR-Transduced Natural Killer Cells in CD19-Positive Lymphoid Tumors Open
Among 11 patients with relapsed or refractory CD19-positive cancers, a majority had a response to treatment with CAR-NK cells without the development of major toxic effects. (Funded by the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center CLL and Lymphoma Moons…
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Regression of Glioblastoma after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Open
A patient with recurrent multifocal glioblastoma received chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells targeting the tumor-associated antigen interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2). Multiple infusions of CAR T cells were administe…
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Anti-BCMA CAR T-Cell Therapy bb2121 in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma Open
We report the initial toxicity profile of a BCMA-directed cellular immunotherapy for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Antitumor activity was documented. (Funded by Bluebird Bio and Celgene; CRB-401 ClinicalTrials.gov …
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T cell costimulatory receptor CD28 is a primary target for PD-1–mediated inhibition Open
Immunotherapeutic PD-1–targeted therapies require CD28 to promote cancer cell killing.
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CRISPR-engineered T cells in patients with refractory cancer Open
CRISPR takes first steps in humans CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary gene-editing technology that offers the potential to treat diseases such as cancer, but the effects of CRISPR in patients are currently unknown. Stadtmauer et al. report a p…
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T-Cell Transfer Therapy Targeting Mutant KRAS in Cancer Open
We identified a polyclonal CD8+ T-cell response against mutant KRAS G12D in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes obtained from a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer. We observed objective regression of all seven lung metastases after the i…
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Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA-4 Therapies in Cancer: Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Limitations Open
Melanoma, a skin cancer associated with high mortality rates, is highly radio- and chemotherapy resistant but can also be very immunogenic. These circumstances have led to a recent surge in research into therapies aiming to boost anti-tumo…
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Phase separation of signaling molecules promotes T cell receptor signal transduction Open
Phase separation organizes signaling In T cell receptors, signaling molecules reorganize into tiny phase-separated droplets—like oil in water. Su et al. used an in vitro system with artificial membranes and 12 components of the T cell rece…
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Genomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint therapies in clear cell renal cell carcinoma Open
SNF'ing out antitumor immunity Immune checkpoint inhibitors induce durable tumor regressions in some, but not all, cancer patients. Understanding the mechanisms that determine tumor sensitivity to these drugs could potentially expand the n…
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Cancer immunotherapy: the beginning of the end of cancer? Open
These are exciting times for cancer immunotherapy. After many years of disappointing results, the tide has finally changed and immunotherapy has become a clinically validated treatment for many cancers. Immunotherapeutic strategies include…
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Genomic Features of Response to Combination Immunotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Open
Combination immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated promising benefit in lung cancer, but predictors of response to combination therapy are unknown. Using whole-exome sequencing to examine non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated wit…
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Review of Indications of FDA-Approved Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors per NCCN Guidelines with the Level of Evidence Open
Cancer is associated with higher morbidity and mortality and is the second leading cause of death in the US. Further, in some nations, cancer has overtaken heart disease as the leading cause of mortality. Identification of molecular mechan…
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CTLA-4: a moving target in immunotherapy Open
CD28 and CTLA-4 are members of a family of immunoglobulin-related receptors that are responsible for various aspects of T-cell immune regulation. The family includes CD28, CTLA-4, and ICOS as well as other proteins, including PD-1, BTLA, a…
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Roles of IFN-γ in tumor progression and regression: a review Open
Background Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) plays a key role in activation of cellular immunity and subsequently, stimulation of antitumor immune-response. Based on its cytostatic, pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative functions, IFN-γ is considered pot…
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Follicular Helper T Cells Open
Although T cell help for B cells was described several decades ago, it was the identification of CXCR5 expression by B follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and the subsequent discovery of their dependence on BCL6 that led to the recognition of …
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Intent-to-treat leukemia remission by CD19 CAR T cells of defined formulation and dose in children and young adults Open
Publisher's Note: There is an Inside Blood Commentary on this article in this issue.
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Cold Tumors: A Therapeutic Challenge for Immunotherapy Open
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints (ICPs) have changed the treatment landscape of many tumors. However, response rate remains relatively low in most cases. A major factor involved in initial resistance to ICP in…
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Regulatory T (Treg) cells in cancer: Can Treg cells be a new therapeutic target? Open
Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress abnormal/excessive immune responses to self‐ and nonself‐antigens to maintain immune homeostasis. In tumor immunity, Treg cells are involved in tumor development and progression by inhibiting antitumor im…
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Gut bacteria from multiple sclerosis patients modulate human T cells and exacerbate symptoms in mouse models Open
Significance We have experimentally investigated the immunoregulatory effects of human gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis (MS). We have identified specific bacteria that are associated with MS and demonstrated that these bacteria regulat…
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Human CAR T cells with cell-intrinsic PD-1 checkpoint blockade resist tumor-mediated inhibition Open
Following immune attack, solid tumors upregulate coinhibitory ligands that bind to inhibitory receptors on T cells. This adaptive resistance compromises the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies, which redirect T cel…
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Tumor immune microenvironment characterization in clear cell renal cell carcinoma identifies prognostic and immunotherapeutically relevant messenger RNA signatures Open
Our analysis sheds light on the immune infiltration patterns of 19 human cancers and unravels mRNA signatures with prognostic utility and immunotherapeutic biomarker potential in ccRCC.
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Nivolumab in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancy: Preliminary Results of a Phase Ib Study Open
Purpose Cancer cells can exploit the programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint pathway to avoid immune surveillance by modulating T-lymphocyte activity. In part, this may occur through overexpression of PD-1 and PD-1 pathway ligands (PD-…
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Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome Open
Peptide pool stimulation enables longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2–specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients.
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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I and MHC Class II Proteins: Conformational Plasticity in Antigen Presentation Open
Antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins is essential for adaptive immunity. Prior to presentation, peptides need to be generated from proteins that are either produced by the cell's own translational machine…
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Cancer Immune Evasion Through Loss of MHC Class I Antigen Presentation Open
Major histocompatibility class I (MHC I) molecules bind peptides derived from a cell's expressed genes and then transport and display this antigenic information on the cell surface. This allows CD8 T cells to identify pathological cells th…