Tier 2 network
View article: Local biophysical effects of land use and land cover change: towards an assessment tool for policy makers
Local biophysical effects of land use and land cover change: towards an assessment tool for policy makers Open
Land use and land cover change (LULCC) affects the climate through both biogeochemical (BGC) and biophysical (BPH) mechanisms. While BGC effects are assessed at global scale and are at the heart of climate treaties such as the Paris Agreem…
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Managing extended supply chains Open
We address how to manage extended supply chains that lie beyond the first‐tier suppliers. The first‐tier suppliers have their suppliers who provide them with goods or services. While lower‐tier suppliers are often not an explicit concern o…
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What attracts young talents? Understanding the migration intention of university students to first-tier cities in China Open
In recent years, China has witnessed fierce competition for talents among cities. There is evidence that China's first-tier cities are losing their appeal for young talents due to the soaring housing prices and high living costs in first-t…
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Development and Validation of a Four-Tier Diagnostic Instrument for Chemical Kinetics (FTDICK) Open
The present study outlines the development and validation of a four-tier diagnostic instrument to explore first year undergraduate students’ understanding of chemical kinetics (FTDICK). The four-tier instrument is a recent format and has b…
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Validation of Lower Tier Exposure Tools Used for REACH: Comparison of Tools Estimates With Available Exposure Measurements Open
This is the most comprehensive evaluation of the performance of REACH exposure tools carried out to date. The results show that, although generally conservative, the tools may not always achieve the performance specified in the REACH guida…
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Adoption of green supply chain management practices in multi-tier supply chains: examining the differences between higher and lower tier firms Open
Customer pressure has been widely discussed as the primary driver of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices. However, relatively little is known about supplier capabilities as a key mediator for GSCM practice adoption. Drawing from…
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Effects of a 3-Tier Pharmacy Benefit Design on the Prescription Purchasing Behavior of Individuals With Chronic Disease Open
Funding for this research was provided by Merck and Company through the Academic Medicine and Managed Care Forum and was obtained by authors Kavita V. Nair, Robert J. Valuck, Pamela Wolfe, Julie M. Ganther, and Marianne M. McCollum. Nair s…
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Fostering firms' ability to cascade sustainability through multi-tier supply chains: an investigation of power sources Open
Purpose A firm's ability to cascade sustainability requirements further down to lower-tier suppliers might be affected by inter-firm power relations. This study aimed to identify the power sources of focal firms and first- and lower-tier s…
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Managing COVID-19 With a Clinical Decision Support Tool in a Community Health Network: Algorithm Development and Validation Open
Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality; large numbers of patients require intensive care, which is placing strain on health care systems worldwide. There is an urgent need…
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Optimizing integrated imaging service delivery by tier in low-resource health systems Open
Access to imaging diagnostics has been shown to result in accurate treatment, management, and optimal outcomes. Particularly in low-income and low-middle-income countries (LICs, LMICs), access is limited due to a lack of adequate resources…
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Practices and strategies for sustainability-related risk management in multi-tier supply chains Open
This study investigates how sustainability-related risks are managed in multi-tier supply chains. It focuses on the strategies and practices that companies use to manage sustainability-related risks and how these differ between supply chai…
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Modelling the impact of the tier system on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the UK between the first and second national lockdowns Open
Objective To measure the effects of the tier system on the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK between the first and second national lockdowns, before the emergence of the B.1.1.7 variant of concern. Design This is a modelling study combining esti…
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Use of a Telemedicine Risk Assessment Tool to Predict the Risk of Hospitalization of 496 Outpatients With COVID-19: Retrospective Analysis Open
Background Risk assessment of patients with acute COVID-19 in a telemedicine context is not well described. In settings of large numbers of patients, a risk assessment tool may guide resource allocation not only for patient care but also f…
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Evidence for Implementing Tiered Approaches in School-Based Occupational Therapy in Elementary Schools: A Scoping Review Open
Importance: Internationally, it is suggested that school-based occupational therapy (SBOT) has an important role in supporting inclusion in educational settings. In SBOT, multitiered service delivery models are identified as a way forward …
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Distinguishing Children’s Hospitals From Non–Children’s Hospitals in Large Claims Data Open
BACKGROUND: The first methodologic step needed to compare pediatric health outcomes at children’s hospitals (CHs) and non–children’s hospitals (NCHs) is to classify hospitals into CH and NCH categories. However, there are currently no stan…
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Decarbonising the automotive sector: a primary raw material perspective on targets and timescales Open
Decarbonisation of the automotive sector will require increased amounts of raw materials such as lithium, cobalt, nickel and rare earth elements. Consequently, it is crucial to assess whether supply will be able to meet forecast demand wit…
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Second-tier Testing for 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency in the Netherlands: A Newborn Screening Pilot Study Open
Context Newborn screening (NBS) for classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) consists of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) measurement with gestational age–adjusted cutoffs. A second heel puncture (HP) is performed in newborns with incon…
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The role of fairness in multi-tier sustainable supply chains Open
Fairness is an important topic that forms part of an organisation’s sustainability practice and agenda, particularly from a social dimension. However, past studies have rarely considered the role of fairness as a driver of sustainability i…
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Pilot study for the fidelity, acceptability, and effectiveness of a PBIS program plus mental health supports in under‐resourced urban schools Open
This paper describes implementation (fidelity, perceived acceptability) and tier 1 and Tier 2 outcomes of school‐wide positive behavior interventions and supports approach including mental health supports at Tier 2 in two K‐8 urban schools…
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Managing Student Behavior in the Middle Grades Using Class-wide Function-Related Intervention Teams Open
During the transition from the elementary to middle grades, young adolescents may become increasingly vulnerable for emotional and behavioral problems. Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Teams for middle level school (CW-FIT MS), the…
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Languishing students: Linking complete mental health screening in schools to Tier 2 intervention Open
Despite innovations in the screening and early identification of students who may benefit from school mental health services, many schools struggle to link screening to intervention decisions, particularly at the Tier II level. Universal c…
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Risk assessment for pesticide mixtures on aquatic ecosystems in China: a proposed framework Open
BACKGROUND With over 12 000 registered mixture formulations in China, environmental risk assessment of co‐formulated pesticide mixtures to aquatic ecosystems is of increasing interest to scientists, risk assessors, and risk managers. This …
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DEVELOPMENT OF TWO-TIER DIAGNOSTIC TEST BASED ON E-LEARNING Open
The weakness of the two-tier, three-tier or four-tier paper-pencil diagnostic tests is that it takes a long time for results and feedback analysis and remediation. This paper presents the results of an initial review of the technique of de…
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Analysis of extended warranties for medical equipment: A Stackelberg game model using priority queues Open
Healthcare institutions make use of technology-intensive equipment that follows tight quality standards. These companies aim at ensuring service continuity and safety of patients. In this context, maintenance services are generally perform…
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Mapping of the US Domestic Influenza Virologic Surveillance Landscape Open
Influenza virologic surveillance is critical each season for tracking influenza circulation, following trends in antiviral drug resistance, detecting novel influenza infections in humans, and selecting viruses for use in annual seasonal va…
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Expanding clarity or confusion? Volatility of the 5-tier ratings assessing quality of transplant centers in the United States Open
Outcomes of patients receiving solid organ transplants in the United States are systematically aggregated into bi-annual Program-Specific Reports (PSRs) detailing risk-adjusted survival by transplant center. Recently, the Scientific Regist…
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Port system evolution – the emergence of second-tier hubs Open
Some evidence has emerged of second-tier hubs inserting themselves between hubs and feeder ports, producing a new hierarchy of port networks. This article aims to establish the dynamics of this process based on illustrative cases in Asia, …
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Between-User Reliability of Tier 1 Exposure Assessment Tools Used Under REACH Open
When applying simple screening (Tier 1) tools to estimate exposure to chemicals in a given exposure situation under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction of CHemicals Regulation 2006 (REACH), users must select from se…
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Understanding the Middle Tier Comparative Costs of Academy and LA-maintained School Systems Open
The LGA commissioned and part-funded this research to understand the comparative costs of the middle tiers in England. By ‘middle tier’ we mean the systems of support and accountability connecting publicly-funded local authority (LA) maint…
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Consumer Affordability in Tier-1, Tier-2 and Tier-3 Cities of India – An Empirical Study Open
Majority of brick-and-mortar retailers in India assume that;(a) price/product/brand assortment must be differentiated among stores located in different type of cities, (b) consumers cannot afford to purchase high-priced products/brands in …