Upwelling ≈ Upwelling
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An unprecedented coastwide toxic algal bloom linked to anomalous ocean conditions Open
A coastwide bloom of the toxigenic diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia in spring 2015 resulted in the largest recorded outbreak of the neurotoxin, domoic acid, along the North American west coast. Elevated toxins were measured in numerous stranded mar…
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Southern Ocean Phytoplankton in a Changing Climate Open
Phytoplankton are the base of the Antarctic food web, sustain the wealth and diversity of life for which Antarctica is renowned, and play a critical role in biogeochemical cycles that mediate global climate. Over the vast expanse of the So…
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Observing the Global Ocean with Biogeochemical-Argo Open
Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) is a network of profiling floats carrying sensors that enable observation of as many as six essential biogeochemical and bio-optical variables: oxygen, nitrate, pH, chlorophyll a, suspended particles, and dow…
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Impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño on the California Current System: Early assessment and comparison to past events Open
The 2015–2016 El Niño is by some measures one of the strongest on record, comparable to the 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 events that triggered widespread ecosystem change in the northeast Pacific. Here we describe impacts of the 2015–2016 El Ni…
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Coastal Upwelling Revisited: Ekman, Bakun, and Improved Upwelling Indices for the U.S. West Coast Open
Coastal upwelling is responsible for thriving marine ecosystems and fisheries that are disproportionately productive relative to their surface area, particularly in the world's major eastern boundary upwelling systems. Along oceanic easter…
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Ocean convergence and the dispersion of flotsam Open
Floating oil, plastics, and marine organisms are continually redistributed by ocean surface currents. Prediction of their resulting distribution on the surface is a fundamental, long-standing, and practically important problem. The dominan…
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Modulation of Wind Work by Oceanic Current Interaction with the Atmosphere Open
In this study, uncoupled and coupled ocean–atmosphere simulations are carried out for the California Upwelling System to assess the dynamic ocean–atmosphere interactions, namely, the ocean surface current feedback to the atmosphere. The au…
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Achieving Highly Efficient Atmospheric CO 2 Uptake by Artificial Upwelling Open
Artificial upwelling (AU) is considered a potential means of reducing the accumulation of anthropogenic CO 2 . It has been suggested that AU has significant effects on regional carbon sink or source characteristics, and these effects are s…
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Spiraling pathways of global deep waters to the surface of the Southern Ocean Open
Upwelling of global deep waters to the sea surface in the Southern Ocean closes the global overturning circulation and is fundamentally important for oceanic uptake of carbon and heat, nutrient resupply for sustaining oceanic biological pr…
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The evolution of diatoms and their biogeochemical functions Open
In contemporary oceans diatoms are an important group of eukaryotic phytoplankton that typically dominate in upwelling regions and at high latitudes. They also make significant contributions to sporadic blooms that often occur in springtim…
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Drivers of exceptionally cold North Atlantic Ocean temperatures and their link to the 2015 European heat wave Open
The North Atlantic and Europe experienced two extreme climate events in 2015: exceptionally cold ocean surface temperatures and a summer heat wave ranked in the top ten over the past 65 years. Here, we show that the cold ocean temperatures…
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The establishment of a pelagic Sargassum population in the tropical Atlantic: Biological consequences of a basin-scale long distance dispersal event Open
Starting in 2011, coastal areas of the Caribbean Sea and tropical Atlantic Ocean began to experience extraordinary yearly accumulations of pelagic Sargassum brown alga. Historical reports place large quantities of Sargassum only in the Nor…
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Impacts of Global Change on Ocean Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Cycling Open
24 pages, 1 table, 5 figures.-- This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
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Upper ocean response to typhoon Kalmaegi (2014) Open
Typhoon Kalmaegi passed over an array of buoys and moorings in the northern South China Sea in September 2014, leaving a rare set of observations on typhoon‐induced dynamical and thermohaline responses in the upper ocean. The dynamical res…
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The pelagic ecosystem in the <span>N</span>orthern <span>C</span>alifornia <span>C</span>urrent off <span>O</span>regon during the 2014–2016 warm anomalies within the context of the past 20 years Open
A warm anomaly in the upper ocean, colloquially named “the Blob,” appeared in the Gulf of Alaska during the calm winter of 2013–2014, spread across the northern North Pacific (NP) Ocean, and shifted eastward and onto the Oregon shelf. At l…
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Living in a high CO<sub>2</sub> world: a global meta‐analysis shows multiple trait‐mediated fish responses to ocean acidification Open
Understanding how marine organisms will be affected by global change is of primary importance to ensure ecosystem functioning and nature contributions to people. This study meets the call for addressing how life‐history traits mediate effe…
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The 2014–2015 warming anomaly in the Southern California Current System observed by underwater gliders Open
Large‐scale patterns of positive temperature anomalies persisted throughout the surface waters of the North Pacific Ocean during 2014–2015. In the Southern California Current System, measurements by our sustained network of underwater glid…
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The Indonesian throughflow, its variability and centennial change Open
The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is an important component of the upper cell of the global overturning circulation that provides a low-latitude pathway for warm, fresh waters from the Pacific to enter the Indian Ocean. Variability and chan…
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Challenges and Prospects for Reducing Coupled Climate Model SST Biases in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans: The U.S. CLIVAR Eastern Tropical Oceans Synthesis Working Group Open
Well-known problems trouble coupled general circulation models of the eastern Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins. Model climates are significantly more symmetric about the equator than is observed. Model sea surface temperatures are biased …
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Persistent Discrepancies between Observed and Modeled Trends in the Tropical Pacific Ocean Open
The trends over recent decades in tropical Pacific sea surface and upper ocean temperature are examined in observations-based products, an ocean reanalysis and the latest models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase six and …
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Marine Aerosols and Clouds Open
The role of marine bioaerosols in cloud formation and climate is currently so uncertain that even the sign of the climate forcing is unclear. Marine aerosols form through direct emissions and through the conversion of gas-phase emissions t…
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Abrupt Climate and Weather Changes Across Time Scales Open
The past provides evidence of abrupt climate shifts and changes in the frequency of climate and weather extremes. We explore the nonlinear response to orbital forcing and then consider climate millennial variability down to daily weather e…
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A seamless ensemble-based reconstruction of surface ocean <i>p</i> CO <sub>2</sub> and air–sea CO <sub>2</sub> fluxes over the global coastal and open oceans Open
We have estimated global air–sea CO2 fluxes (fgCO2) from the open ocean to coastal seas. Fluxes and associated uncertainty are computed from an ensemble-based reconstruction of CO2 sea surface partial pressure (pCO2) maps trained with grid…
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Restructuring of the ‘Macaronesia’ biogeographic unit: A marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach Open
The Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands and Cabo Verde are commonly united under the term “Macaronesia”. This study investigates the coherency and validity of Macaronesia as a biogeographic unit using six marine groups with very dif…
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Representation of Southern Ocean Properties across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Generations: CMIP3 to CMIP6 Open
The air–sea exchange of heat and carbon in the Southern Ocean (SO) plays an important role in mediating the climate state. The dominant role the SO plays in storing anthropogenic heat and carbon is a direct consequence of the unique and co…
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Baby, it's cold outside: Climate model simulations of the effects of the asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous Open
Sixty‐six million years ago, the end‐Cretaceous mass extinction ended the reign of the dinosaurs. Flood basalt eruptions and an asteroid impact are widely discussed causes, yet their contributions remain debated. Modeling the environmental…
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On the composite response of the MLT to major sudden stratospheric warming events with elevated stratopause Open
Based on a climate‐chemistry model (constrained by reanalyses below ~50 km), the zonal‐mean composite response of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) to major sudden stratospheric warming events with elevated stratopauses demonstra…
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Evaluating the Potential Impacts of the Diurnal Vertical Migration by Marine Organisms on Marine Biogeochemistry Open
Diurnal vertical migration (DVM) of marine organisms is an ubiquitous phenomenon in the ocean that generates an active vertical transport of organic matter. However, the magnitude and consequences of this flux are largely unknown and are c…
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Hydrodynamics, Sediment Transport and Morphological Features at the Confluence Between the Yangtze River and the Poyang Lake Open
Confluences act as critical nodes in a river network as they affect flow, sediment transport, water quality, and ecological patterns. A complete knowledge about hydro‐morpho‐sedimentary processes at river confluences is still incompleted a…
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Intense submesoscale upwelling in anticyclonic eddies Open
Observations from around the global ocean show that enhanced biological activity can be found in anticyclonic eddies. This may mean that upwelling of nutrient‐rich water occurs within the eddy, but such upwelling is not captured by models …