Viability assay
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The MTT Assay: Utility, Limitations, Pitfalls, and Interpretation in Bulk and Single-Cell Analysis Open
The MTT assay for cellular metabolic activity is almost ubiquitous to studies of cell toxicity; however, it is commonly applied and interpreted erroneously. We investigated the applicability and limitations of the MTT assay in representing…
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Probiotics in Food Systems: Significance and Emerging Strategies Towards Improved Viability and Delivery of Enhanced Beneficial Value Open
Preserving the efficacy of probiotic bacteria exhibits paramount challenges that need to be addressed during the development of functional food products. Several factors have been claimed to be responsible for reducing the viability of pro…
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Guidelines for cell viability assays Open
Recently, the interest in the application of cell viability assays has been increasing in various fields. Cell viability assays may be broadly classified as (a) dye exclusion assays, (b) colorimetric assays, (c) fluorometric assays, (d) lu…
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Toxicity of Nanoparticles and an Overview of Current Experimental Models. Open
Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field having potential applications in many areas. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been studied for cell toxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Tetrazolium-based assays such as MTT, MTS, and WST-1 are used…
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Cell Proliferation and Cytotoxicity Assays Open
Cell viability is defined as the number of healthy cells in a sample and proliferation of cells is a vital indicator for understanding the mechanisms in action of certain genes, proteins and pathways involved cell survival or death after e…
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MTT assay to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of a drug Open
Quantification of cell viability and proliferation form the fundamental for numerous in vitro assays in response to external factors. An MTT assay is a colorimetric assay based on assessing the cell metabolic activity. A549 Lung adenocarci…
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Tagitinin C induces ferroptosis through PERK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells Open
Rationale: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. However, the efficacy of surgery and chemotherapy is limited. Ferroptosis is an iron- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent form of regulated cel…
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In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Cell Viability Assays: Principles, Advantages, and Disadvantages Open
Cytotoxicity is one of the most important indicators for biological evaluation in vitro studies. In vitro, chemicals such as drugs and pesticides have different cytotoxicity mechanisms such as destruction of cell membranes, prevention of p…
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MicroRNA-140-5p aggravates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by promoting myocardial oxidative stress via targeting Nrf2 and Sirt2 Open
Clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antibiotic with potent anti- tumor effects, is limited because of its cardiotoxicity. However, its pathogenesis is still not entirely understood. The aim of this paper was to expl…
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Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescue Myocardial Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inducing Cardiomyocyte Autophagy Via AMPK and Akt Pathways Open
Background/Aims: Reperfusion after an ischaemic insult might cause infarct extension. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes could attenuate myocardial remodelling in animal models of myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (MIRI), a…
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Protective effects of the mechanistic target of rapamycin against excess iron and ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes Open
Clinical studies have suggested that myocardial iron is a risk factor for left ventricular remodeling in patients after myocardial infarction. Ferroptosis has recently been reported as a mechanism of iron-dependent nonapoptotic cell death.…
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Temperature-dependent cell death patterns induced by functionalized gold nanoparticle photothermal therapy in melanoma cells Open
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising approach for cancer targeting therapy. However, the temperature-dependent killing of tumor cells in PTT remains unclear. In this study, we report necroptosis plays a role in the anti-tumor effects …
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Lactobacillus casei Exerts Anti-Proliferative Effects Accompanied by Apoptotic Cell Death and Up-Regulation of TRAIL in Colon Carcinoma Cells Open
Probiotic microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert a number of strain-specific health-promoting activities attributed to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Despite recent attention, o…
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Autophagy and mitophagy in the context of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity Open
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a cytotoxic drug widely incorporated in various chemotherapy protocols. Severe side effects such as cardiotoxicity, however, limit Dox application. Mechanisms by which Dox promotes cardiac damage and cardiomyocyte cell…
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The relevance of using 3D cell cultures, in addition to 2D monolayer cultures, when evaluating breast cancer drug sensitivity and resistance Open
Solid tumours naturally grow in 3D wherein the spatial arrangement of cells affects how they interact with each other. This suggests that 3D cell culture may mimic the natural in vivo setting better than traditional monolayer (2D) cell cul…
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The glutamate/cystine xCT antiporter antagonizes glutamine metabolism and reduces nutrient flexibility Open
As noted by Warburg, many cancer cells depend on the consumption of glucose. We performed a genetic screen to identify factors responsible for glucose addiction and recovered the two subunits of the xCT antiporter (system x c − ), which pl…
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Curcumin attenuates oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway Open
Large-scale breeding environments often lead to oxidative stress. Macrophages play an important role in the immune system and are vulnerable to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which result in macrophage death. Curcumin is the main active co…
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Skin delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and hyaluronic acid loaded nano-transfersomes for antioxidant and anti-aging effects in UV radiation induced skin damage Open
The present work attempts to develop and statistically optimize transfersomes containing EGCG and hyaluronic acid to synergize the UV radiation-protective ability of both compounds, along with imparting antioxidant and anti-aging effects. …
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Iron oxide nanoparticles may damage to the neural tissue through iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and protein aggregation Open
IONPs depending on their properties can lead to iron accumulation, oxidative stress and protein aggregation in the neural cells. Therefore, in order to apply IONPs in the CNS, the consideration of IONPs properties is crucial.
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Pro-inflammatory effects of e-cigarette vapour condensate on human alveolar macrophages Open
Objective Vaping may increase the cytotoxic effects of e-cigarette liquid (ECL). We compared the effect of unvaped ECL to e-cigarette vapour condensate (ECVC) on alveolar macrophage (AM) function. Methods AMs were treated with ECVC and nic…
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Reduced Graphene Oxide Incorporated GelMA Hydrogel Promotes Angiogenesis For Wound Healing Applications Open
The positive effect of 0.002% w/w rGO impregnated GelMA hydrogels on angiogenesis, cell migration and cell proliferation suggests that these formulations could be used as a functional wound healing material for the healing of chronic wound…
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Surface Oxidation of Graphene Oxide Determines Membrane Damage, Lipid Peroxidation, and Cytotoxicity in Macrophages in a Pulmonary Toxicity Model Open
While two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) is used increasingly in biomedical applications, there is uncertainty on how specific physicochemical properties relate to biocompatibility in mammalian systems. Although properties such as lateral…
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Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis and autophagy in human ovarian cancer cells Open
The study findings demonstrated that the ZnO NPs are able to induce significant cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and autophagy in human ovarian cells through reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress. Therefore, this study suggests t…
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Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses Induced by Exposure to Commonly Used e-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals and Flavored e-Liquids without Nicotine Open
Background: The respiratory health effects of inhalation exposure to e-cigarette flavoring chemicals are not well understood. We focused our study on the immuno-toxicological and the oxidative stress effects by these e-cigarette flavoring …
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Methods for detection of viable foodborne pathogens: current state-of-art and future prospects Open
The ability to rapidly detect viable pathogens in food is important for public health and food safety reasons. Culture-based detection methods, the traditional means of demonstrating microbial viability, tend to be laborious, time consumin…
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Exosomal MicroRNA MiR-1246 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Invasion and Drug Resistance by Targeting CCNG2 in Breast Cancer Open
Background/Aims: Treatment of breast cancer remains a clinical challenge. This study aims to validate exosomal microRNA-1246 (miR-1246) as a serum biomarker for breast cancer and understand the underlying mechanism in breast cancer progres…
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Akt Signaling in Macrophage Polarization, Survival, and Atherosclerosis Open
The PI3K/Akt pathway plays a crucial role in the survival, proliferation, and migration of macrophages, which may impact the development of atherosclerosis. Changes in Akt isoforms or modulation of the Akt activity levels in macrophages si…
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Zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibit cytotoxicity and genotoxicity through oxidative stress responses in human lung fibroblasts and <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> Open
The present study suggests that ZnO NPs induced significant oxidative stress-related cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human lung fibroblasts in vitro and in D. melanogaster in vivo. More extensive studies would be needed to verify the safe…
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<i>Indigofera tinctoria</i> leaf extract mediated green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and assessment of their anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant and catalytic properties Open
This study reports the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, namely silver and gold from their respective salt by leaf extract of a medicinal plant Indigofera tinctoria. This leaf extract plays a dual role as stabilizing and reducing age…
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UV-Assisted 3D Bioprinting of Nanoreinforced Hybrid Cardiac Patch for Myocardial Tissue Engineering Open
Biofabrication of cell supportive cardiac patches that can be directly implanted on myocardial infarct is a potential solution for myocardial infarction repair. Ideally, cardiac patches should be able to mimic myocardium extracellular matr…