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Rare Earth Element Deposits of Alkaline Igneous Rocks Open
Alkaline igneous complexes host deposits of rare earth elements (REE), which represent one of the most economically important resources of heavy REE and Yttrium (Y). The hosts are differentiated rocks ranging from nepheline syenites and tr…
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Uranium in natural waters and the environment: Distribution, speciation and impact Open
The concentrations of U in natural waters are usually low, being typically less than 4 μg/L in river water, around 3.3 μg/L in open seawater, and usually less than 5 μg/L in groundwater. Higher concentrations can occur in both surface wate…
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Identification, classification, and interpretation of boninites from Anthropocene to Eoarchean using Si-Mg-Ti systematics Open
Boninites are rare, high-Si, high-Mg, low-Ti lavas that have considerable tectonic significance, especially for recognizing and interpreting episodes of subduction initiation in the geologic record. Formal identification and classification…
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Recognition of a Middle–Late Jurassic arc-related porphyry copper belt along the southeast China coast: Geological characteristics and metallogenic implications Open
Recent exploration has led to definition of a Middle–Late Jurassic copper belt with an extent of ∼2000 km along the southeast China coast. The 171–153 Ma magmatic-hydrothermal copper systems consist of porphyry, skarn, and vein-style depos…
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Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Saudi Arabia Open
The Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Saudi Arabia cover about 90,000 km2, one of the largest areas of alkali olivine basalt in the world. These volcanic rocks are in 13 separate fields near the eastern coast of the Red Sea and in the western Ara…
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Slab-rollback ignimbrite flareups in the southern Great Basin and other Cenozoic American arcs: A distinct style of arc volcanism Open
In continental-margin subduction zones, basalt magmas spawned in the mantle interact with the crust to produce a broad spectrum of volcanic arc associations. A distinct style of very voluminous arc volcanism develops far inland on thick cr…
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Hainan mantle plume produced late Cenozoic basaltic rocks in Thailand, Southeast Asia Open
Intraplate volcanism initiated shortly after the cessation of Cenozoic seafloor spreading in the South China Sea (SCS) region, but the full extent of its influence on the Indochina block has not been well constrained. Here we present major…
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New constraints on the magma distribution and composition beneath Volcán Uturuncu and the southern Bolivian Altiplano from magnetotelluric data Open
Magnetotelluric (MT) data were used to create a three-dimensional electrical resistivity model of the Altiplano-Puna magma body (APMB) in the area surrounding Volcán Uturuncu in southern Bolivia. This volcano is at the center of a zone of …
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One or Two Early Cretaceous Arc Systems in the Lhasa Terrane, Southern Tibet Open
Spatial and temporal variations of arc‐related magmatism are key to determining the subduction polarity of incompletely preserved arc systems. Petrographic, geochronological, geochemical, and isotope data of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks…
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Exploration Implications of Multiple Formation Environments of Advanced Argillic Minerals Open
Advanced argillic minerals, as defined, include alunite and anhydrite, aluminosilicates (kaolinite, halloysite, dickite, pyrophyllite, andalusite, zunyite, and topaz), and diaspore. One or more of these minerals form in five distinctly dif…
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Neoarchean granite-greenstone belts and related ore mineralization in the North China Craton: An overview Open
Tectonic processes involving amalgamations of microblocks along zones of ocean closure represented by granite-greenstone belts (GGB) were fundamental in building the Earth's early continents. The crustal growth and cratonization of the Nor…
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Characteristics of Carboniferous Volcanic Reservoirs in Beisantai Oilfield, Junggar Basin Open
In recent years, petroleum exploration in the Carboniferous volcanic rock reservoirs in the Junggar Basin has been the focus of important petroleum energy development in western China. The lithologic identification of volcanic rock reservo…
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Petrogenesis and provenance of distal volcanic tuffs from the Permian–Triassic Karoo Basin, South Africa: A window into a dissected magmatic province Open
We present zircon rare earth element (REE) compositions integrated with U-Pb ages of zircon and whole-rock geochemistry from 29 volcanic tuffs preserved in the Karoo Supergroup, South Africa, to investigate the history of magmatism in sout…
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Lithological and Hydrothermal Alteration Mapping of Epithermal, Porphyry and Tourmaline Breccia Districts in the Argentine Andes Using ASTER Imagery Open
The area of interest is located on the eastern flank of the Andean Cordillera, San Juan province, Argentina. The 3600 km2 area is characterized by Siluro-Devonian to Neogene sedimentary and igneous rocks and unconsolidated Quaternary sedim…
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Ophiolites of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Geochemical and petrological characterization and tectonic settings Open
We present a compilation of published data (field, petrography, ages and geochemistry) from 73 ophiolitic complexes of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The ophiolitic complexes, ranging in age from Neoproterozoic to Triassic, have been geo…
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Alkaline-lacustrine deposition and paleoenvironmental evolution in Permian Fengcheng Formation at the Mahu sag, Junggar Basin, NW China Open
Alkaline-lacustrine deposition and its evolution model in Permian Fengcheng Formation at the Mahu sag, Junggar Basin were investigated through core and thin-section observation, geochemical and elemental analysis, logging response and lith…
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The tauride ophiolites of Anatolia (Turkey): A review Open
The Tauride ophiolites lie on the northern and southern flanks of an E-W-trending Tauride carbonate platform. They mainly consist of three tectonic units namely in ascending order, ophiolitic mélange, sub-ophiolitic metamorphic sole and oc…
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Geology and stratigraphy of the Mexico Basin (Mexico City), central Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt Open
We present a new geological map of the Mexico Basin (Mexico City) based on field descriptions, a compilation of data from previous publications, and new 40Ar/39Ar geochronology data. The oldest rocks described in the Mexico Basin are Creta…
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Using Mineral Chemistry to Aid Exploration: A Case Study from the Resolution Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit, Arizona Open
The giant, high-grade Resolution porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in the Superior district of Arizona is hosted in Proterozoic and Paleozoic basement and in an overlying Cretaceous volcaniclastic breccia and sandstone package. Resolution has a centr…
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Consequences of a crystal mush-dominated magma plumbing system: a mid-ocean ridge perspective Open
Crystal mush is rapidly emerging as a new paradigm for the evolution of igneous systems. Mid-ocean ridges provide a unique opportunity to study mush processes: geophysical data indicate that, even at the most magmatically robust fast-sprea…
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The end of Midcontinent Rift magmatism and the paleogeography of Laurentia Open
Paleomagnetism of the North American Midcontinent Rift provides a robust paleogeographic record of Laurentia (cratonic North America) from ca. 1110 to 1070 Ma, revealing rapid equatorward motion of the continent throughout rift magmatism. …
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Heat flow and geothermal provinces in Mexico Open
Definition of geothermal provinces is a key factor for regional exploration. Mexico’s geothermal potential is underdeveloped, and government policies have aimed to simplifying regulations and providing insurance to reduce the risk and supp…
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Accounting for the species-dependence of the 3500 cm<sup>−1</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>t</sub>infrared molar absorptivity coefficient: Implications for hydrated volcanic glasses Open
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can be used to determine the concentration and \nspeciation of dissolved water in silicate glasses if the molar absorptivity coefficients (e) are known. \nSamples that are thin and/or water-po…
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Diagenetic control on mineralogical suites in sand, silt, and mud (Cenozoic Nile Delta): Implications for provenance reconstructions Open
This Nile Delta case study provides quantitative information on a process that we must understand and consider in full before attempting provenance interpretation of ancient clastic wedges. Petrographic and heavy-mineral data on partly lit…
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Reappraisal of Los Humeros Volcanic Complex by New U/Th Zircon and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar Dating: Implications for Greater Geothermal Potential Open
Longevity and size of magmatic systems are fundamental factors for assessing the potential of a geothermal field. At Los Humeros volcanic complex (LHVC), the first caldera‐forming event was reported at 460 ± 40 ka. New zircon U/Th and plag…
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Areally Extensive Surface Bedrock Exposures on Mars: Many Are Clastic Rocks, Not Lavas Open
Areally extensive exposures of intact olivine/pyroxene‐enriched rock, as well as feldspar‐enriched rock, are found in isolated locations throughout the Martian highlands. The petrogenetic origin(s) of these rock units are not well understo…
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Geochemical characterisation of the Late Quaternary widespread Japanese tephrostratigraphic markers and correlations to the Lake Suigetsu sedimentary archive (SG06 core) Open
Large Magnitude (6–8) Late Quaternary Japanese volcanic eruptions are responsible for widespread ash (tephra) dispersals providing key isochrons suitable for the synchronisation and dating of palaeoclimate archives across East Asia, the NW…
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On silica-rich granitoids and their eruptive equivalents Open
Silica-rich granites and rhyolites are components of igneous rock suites found in many tectonic environments, both continental and oceanic. Silica-rich magmas may arise by a range of processes including partial melting, magma mixing, melt …
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Gaining acuity on crystal terminology in volcanic rocks Open
Given the prolific work on the petrography and mineral chemistry of volcanic rocks to understand magmatic processes for well over a century, it is surprising that there are no quantitatively rigorous size classifications or commonly accept…
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Evaluation of a Weathered Rock Aquifer Using ERT Method in South Guangdong, China Open
In areas where weathering has hydrogeological significance, geophysical methods can assist to map the subsurface characteristics for groundwater occurrence. In this study, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey in combination with …