Subsurface flow
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A review of groundwater in high mountain environments Open
Mountain water resources are of particular importance for downstream populations but are threatened by decreasing water storage in snowpack and glaciers. Groundwater contribution to mountain streamflow, once assumed to be relatively small,…
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Geophysical Monitoring of Moisture‐Induced Landslides: A Review Open
Geophysical monitoring of landslides can provide insights into spatial and temporal variations of subsurface properties associated with slope failure. Recent improvements in equipment, data analysis, and field operations have led to a sign…
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Root zone soil moisture estimation with Random Forest Open
Accurate estimates of root zone soil moisture (RZSM) at relevant spatio-temporal scales are essential for many agricultural and hydrological applications. Applications of machine learning (ML) techniques to estimate root zone soil moisture…
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The Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission: A Breakthrough in Radar Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Land Surface Water Open
The elevations of water surfaces hold important information on the earth's oceans and land surface waters. Ocean sea surface height is related to the internal change of the ocean's density and mass associated with ocean circulation and its…
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Surface Water and Groundwater Interactions in Salt Marshes and Their Impact on Plant Ecology and Coastal Biogeochemistry Open
Salt marshes are highly productive intertidal wetlands providing important ecological services for maintaining coastal biodiversity, buffering against oceanic storms, and acting as efficient carbon sinks. However, about half of these wetla…
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Integrated surface/subsurface permafrost thermal hydrology: Model formulation and proof‐of‐concept simulations Open
The need to understand potential climate impacts and feedbacks in Arctic regions has prompted recent interest in modeling of permafrost dynamics in a warming climate. A new fine‐scale integrated surface/subsurface thermal hydrology modelin…
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Lithologically Controlled Subsurface Critical Zone Thickness and Water Storage Capacity Determine Regional Plant Community Composition Open
Explanations for distinct adjacent ecosystems that extend across hilly landscapes typically point to differences in climate or land use. Here we document—within a similar climate—how contrasting regional plant communities correlate with di…
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Topographic Controls on the Extension and Retraction of Flowing Streams Open
Flowing stream networks extend and retract as their surrounding landscapes wet up and dry out, both seasonally and during rainstorms, with implications for aquatic ecosystems and greenhouse gas exchange. Some networks are much more dynamic…
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Simulating coupled surface–subsurface flows with ParFlow v3.5.0: capabilities, applications, and ongoing development of an open-source, massively parallel, integrated hydrologic model Open
Surface flow and subsurface flow constitute a naturally linked hydrologic continuum that has not traditionally been simulated in an integrated fashion. Recognizing the interactions between these systems has encouraged the development of in…
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Modeling the role of preferential snow accumulation in through talik development and hillslope groundwater flow in a transitional permafrost landscape Open
Through taliks—thawed zones extending through the entire permafrost layer—represent a critical type of heterogeneity that affects water redistribution and heat transport, especially in sloping landscapes. The formation of through taliks as…
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The Historical Development of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment Open
Constructed wetlands (CWs) for wastewater treatment are engineered systems that are designed and operated in order to use all natural processes involved in the removal of pollutants from wastewaters. CWs are designed to take advantage of m…
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Impact of topography on groundwater salinization due to ocean surge inundation Open
Sea‐level rise and increases in the frequency and intensity of ocean surges caused by climate change are likely to exacerbate adverse effects on low‐lying coastal areas. The landward flow of water during ocean surges introduces salt to sur…
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Quantifying hydrologic connectivity of wetlands to surface water systems Open
Hydrologic connectivity among wetlands is poorly characterized and understood. Our inability to quantify this connectivity compromises our understanding of the potential impacts of wetland loss on watershed structure, function and water su…
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Representing Intrahillslope Lateral Subsurface Flow in the Community Land Model Open
The concept of using representative hillslopes to simulate hydrologically similar areas of a catchment has been incorporated in many hydrologic models but few Earth system models. Here we describe a configuration of the Community Land Mode…
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The Guaymas Basin Hiking Guide to Hydrothermal Mounds, Chimneys, and Microbial Mats: Complex Seafloor Expressions of Subsurface Hydrothermal Circulation Open
The hydrothermal mats, mounds, and chimneys of the southern Guaymas Basin are the surface expression of complex subsurface hydrothermal circulation patterns. In this overview, we document the most frequently visited features of this hydrot…
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Drivers of soil erosion and subsurface loss by soil leakage during karst rocky desertification in SW China Open
As an extreme manifestation of environmental degradation, karst rock desertification is caused by soil loss and rock exposure. In some areas with serious rocky desertification, there is no soil to be eroded or leaked. The soil loss in thes…
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Estimates of Surface and Subsurface Boundary Current Transport Around Australia Open
A 15 year (2000–2014) simulation of the oceans around Australia, with the shelf‐scale model ozROMS, was used to estimate the mean, seasonal, and interannual variability of the surface and subsurface boundary currents and associated inflows…
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Active layer hydrology in an arctic tundra ecosystem: quantifying water sources and cycling using water stable isotopes Open
Climate change and thawing permafrost in the Arctic will significantly alter landscape hydro‐geomorphology and the distribution of soil moisture, which will have cascading effects on climate feedbacks (CO 2 and CH 4 ) and plant and microbi…
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Expansion and contraction of the flowing stream network alter hillslope flowpath lengths and the shape of the travel time distribution Open
Flowing stream networks dynamically extend and retract, both seasonally and in response to precipitation events. These network dynamics can dramatically alter the drainage density and thus the length of subsurface flow pathways to flowing …
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Microbiology of the Terrestrial Deep Subsurface Open
Obtaining and analyzing samples is challenging in subsurface science. This first-of-its-kind reference book addresses accomplishments in this field-from drilling to sample work-up. A collaborative approach is taken, involving the efforts o…
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Integrated surface-subsurface model to investigate the role of groundwater in headwater catchment runoff generation: A minimalist approach to parameterisation Open
Understanding the role of groundwater for runoff generation in headwater catchments is a challenge in hydrology, particularly so in data-scarce areas. Fully-integrated surface-subsurface modelling has shown potential in increasing process …
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Do Lateral Flows Matter for the Hyperresolution Land Surface Modeling? Open
Hyperresolution land surface modeling provides an unprecedented opportunity to simulate locally relevant water and energy cycle, but lateral surface and/or subsurface flows that are essential at fine scale are often neglected by most one‐d…
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Cosmogenic Isotopes Unravel the Hydrochronology and Water Storage Dynamics of the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Open
One of the principal questions in hydrology is how and when water leaves the critical zone storage as either stream flow or evapotranspiration. We investigated subsurface water storage and storage selection of the Southern Sierra Critical …
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Permafrost Promotes Shallow Groundwater Flow and Warmer Headwater Streams Open
The presence of permafrost influences the flow paths of water through Arctic landscapes and thereby has the potential to impact stream discharge and thermal regimes. Observations from 11 headwater streams in Alaska showed that July water t…
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Global Land Surface Modeling Including Lateral Groundwater Flow Open
The groundwater system is an essential part of Earth's systems. However, most current land surface models (LSMs) for climate modeling do not explicitly account for the lateral groundwater flow process. In this study, schemes describing LSM…
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Exploiting Soil Moisture, Precipitation, and Streamflow Observations to Evaluate Soil Moisture/Runoff Coupling in Land Surface Models Open
Accurate partitioning of precipitation into infiltration and runoff is a fundamental objective of land surface models tasked with characterizing the surface water and energy balance. Temporal variability in this partitioning is due, in par…
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Theory, tools, and multidisciplinary applications for tracing groundwater fluxes from temperature profiles Open
Quantifying groundwater fluxes to and from deep aquifers or shallow sediment is a critical task faced by researchers and practitioners from many environmental science disciplines including hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, climatology, and…
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Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands treating wastewater: a review Open
The removal efficiency of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in constructed wetlands (CWs) is very inconsistent and frequently does not reveal whether the removal processes are due to physical attenuation or whether the different species have bee…
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Marine heat waves in the Mediterranean Sea: An assessment from the surface to the subsurface to meet national needs Open
In the Mediterranean Sea, marine ecosystems and the resource-based economy are shared among many countries, making this a regional sea of important geopolitical and economic stakes. Over the last decades, marine heat waves (MHWs) in the Me…
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What is the hydrologically effective area of a catchment? Open
Topographically delineated catchments are the common spatial unit to connect human activities and climate change with their consequences for water availability as a prerequisite for sustainable water management. However, inter-catchment gr…