Wind stress
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Characterizing ERA-Interim and ERA5 surface wind biases using ASCAT Open
This paper analyzes the differences between ERA-Interim and ERA5 surface winds fields relative to Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) ocean vector wind observations, after adjustment for the effects of atmospheric stability and density, using s…
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Coastal Upwelling Revisited: Ekman, Bakun, and Improved Upwelling Indices for the U.S. West Coast Open
Coastal upwelling is responsible for thriving marine ecosystems and fisheries that are disproportionately productive relative to their surface area, particularly in the world's major eastern boundary upwelling systems. Along oceanic easter…
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Modulation of Wind Work by Oceanic Current Interaction with the Atmosphere Open
In this study, uncoupled and coupled ocean–atmosphere simulations are carried out for the California Upwelling System to assess the dynamic ocean–atmosphere interactions, namely, the ocean surface current feedback to the atmosphere. The au…
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Air-Sea Fluxes With a Focus on Heat and Momentum Open
© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Cronin, M. F., Gentemann, C. L., Edson, J., Ueki, I., Bourassa, M., Brown, S., Clayson,…
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Response of water temperatures and stratification to changing climate in three lakes with different morphometry Open
Water temperatures and stratification are important drivers for ecological and water quality processes within lake systems, and changes in these with increases in air temperature and changes to wind speeds may have significant ecological c…
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Exceptionally strong easterly wind burst stalling El Niño of 2014 Open
Significance The El Niño–Southern Oscillation is the dominant mode of climate variability in the tropical Pacific, with pronounced global teleconnections. Predicting El Niño and understanding its progression still present a challenge to cl…
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Representation of Southern Ocean Properties across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Generations: CMIP3 to CMIP6 Open
The air–sea exchange of heat and carbon in the Southern Ocean (SO) plays an important role in mediating the climate state. The dominant role the SO plays in storing anthropogenic heat and carbon is a direct consequence of the unique and co…
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Climatologically Significant Effects of Some Approximations in the Bulk Parameterizations of Turbulent Air–Sea Fluxes Open
This paper quantifies the impacts of approximations and assumptions in the parameterization of bulk formulas on the exchange of momentum, heat, and freshwater computed between the ocean and atmosphere. An ensemble of sensitivity experiment…
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ENSO and Pacific Decadal Variability in the Community Earth System Model Version 2 Open
This study presents a description of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Variability (PDV) in a multicentury preindustrial simulation of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2). The model simulates severa…
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Wind Speed and Sea State Dependencies of Air‐Sea Gas Transfer: Results From the High Wind Speed Gas Exchange Study (HiWinGS) Open
A variety of physical mechanisms are jointly responsible for facilitating air‐sea gas transfer through turbulent processes at the atmosphere‐ocean interface. The nature and relative importance of these mechanisms evolves with increasing wi…
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Improved Use of Scatterometer Measurements by Using Stress-Equivalent Reference Winds Open
Numerical weather prediction (NWP) and buoy ocean surface winds show some systematic differences with satellite scatterometer and radiometer wind measurements, both in statistical results and in local geographical regions. It is possible t…
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Control and Stabilization of the Gulf Stream by Oceanic Current Interaction with the Atmosphere Open
The Gulf Stream (GS) is known to have a strong influence on climate, for example, by transporting heat from the tropics to higher latitudes. Although the GS transport intensity presents a clear interannual variability, satellite observatio…
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Surface warming–induced global acceleration of upper ocean currents Open
How the ocean circulation changes in a warming climate is an important but poorly understood problem. Using a global ocean model, we decompose the problem into distinct responses to changes in sea surface temperature, salinity, and wind. O…
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Remotely Sensed Winds and Wind Stresses for Marine Forecasting and Ocean Modeling Open
Strengths and weakness of remotely sensed winds are discussed, along with the current capabilities for remotely sensing winds and stress. Future missions are briefly mentioned. The observational needs for a wide range of wind and stress ap…
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Wind causes Totten Ice Shelf melt and acceleration Open
Wind upwells warm water from the deep ocean off the East Antarctic coast, leading to ice-shelf melt and glacier acceleration.
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Eddy saturation and frictional control of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Open
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the strongest current in the ocean and has a pivotal impact on ocean stratification, heat content, and carbon content. The circumpolar volume transport is relatively insensitive to surface wind forcing …
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On the predominance of unstable atmospheric conditions in the marine boundary layer offshore of the U.S. northeastern coast Open
The marine boundary layer of the northeastern U.S. is studied with focus on wind speed, atmospheric stability, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), the three most relevant properties in the context of offshore wind power development. Two lo…
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Year-Long Vertical Velocity Statistics Derived from Doppler Lidar Data for the Continental Convective Boundary Layer Open
One year of coherent Doppler lidar data collected at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site in Oklahoma was analyzed to provide profiles of vertical velocity variance, skewness, and kurtosis for cases of clo…
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Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1) Open
Wind farms affect local weather and microclimates; hence, parameterizations of their effects have been developed for numerical weather prediction models. While most wind farm parameterizations (WFPs) include drag effects of wind farms, mod…
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Impact of ocean resolution on coupled air‐sea fluxes and large‐scale climate Open
Air‐sea fluxes are a crucial component in the energetics of the global climate system. The largest air‐sea fluxes occur in regions of high sea surface temperature variability, such as ocean boundary, frontal currents and eddies. In this pa…
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The Density‐Driven Winter Intensification of the Ross Sea Circulation Open
The circulation over the Ross Sea continental shelf facilitates the exchange between the Southern Ocean and the Ross Ice Shelf cavity. Here transport and mixing processes control the access of oceanic heat from the Southern Ocean to the ic…
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Impact of the Indian Ocean Dipole on Evolution of the Subsequent ENSO: Relative Roles of Dynamic and Thermodynamic Processes Open
The complex interaction between the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is further investigated in this study, with a focus on the impacts of the IOD on ENSO in the subsequent year [ENSO(+1)]. The interaction …
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Influence of glacial ice sheets on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation through surface wind change Open
Coupled modeling studies have recently shown that the existence of the glacial ice sheets intensifies the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). However, most models show a strong AMOC in their simulations of the Last Glacial …
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The Patagonian shelf circulation: Drivers and variability Open
A high-resolution ocean model is used to characterize the local and remote driving mechanisms of the variability of the Patagonian shelf circulation. Local forcing includes the effects of tides, buoyancy fluxes and wind, while remote forci…
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Recent sea surface temperature trends and future scenarios for the Red Sea Open
The current paper analyses the recent trends of Red Sea surface temperature (SST) using 0.25° daily gridded Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) data from 1982 to 2016. The results of 3 different GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dy…
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An Exploration of Wind Stress Calculation Techniques in Hurricane Storm Surge Modeling Open
As hurricanes continue to threaten coastal communities, accurate storm surge forecasting remains a global priority. Achieving a reliable storm surge prediction necessitates accurate hurricane intensity and wind field information. The wind …
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Global Estimates of the Energy Transfer From the Wind to the Ocean, With Emphasis on Near‐Inertial Oscillations Open
Estimates of the kinetic energy transfer from the wind to the ocean are often limited by the spatial and temporal resolution of surface currents and surface winds. Here we examine the wind work in a pair of global, very high‐resolution (1/…
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The future of coastal upwelling in the Humboldt current from model projections Open
The Humboldt coastal upwelling system in the eastern South Pacific ocean is one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world. A weakening of the upwelling activity could lead to severe ecological impacts. As coastal upwelling in e…
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Ocean‐Wave‐Atmosphere Interaction Processes in a Fully Coupled Modeling System Open
A high‐resolution coupled ocean‐wave‐atmosphere model (Uppsala University Coupled model, UU‐CM) of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea with improved representation of ocean‐wave‐atmosphere interaction processes is presented. In the UU‐CM mode…
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Statistical predictability of Niño indices for two types of ENSO Open
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been shown to manifest as primarily two types, the eastern Pacific (EP) type and central Pacific (CP) type, in terms of the zonal positions of the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. This st…