Yield (engineering) ≈ Yield (engineering)
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Guidelines for Synthesis and Processing of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXene) Open
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides (MXenes) were discovered in 2011. Since the original discovery, more than 20 different compositions have been synthesized by the selective etching of MAX phase and …
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Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates Open
Significance Agricultural production is vulnerable to climate change. Understanding climate change, especially the temperature impacts, is critical if policymakers, agriculturalists, and crop breeders are to ensure global food security. Ou…
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The physiology of plant responses to drought Open
Drought alone causes more annual loss in crop yield than all pathogens combined. To adapt to moisture gradients in soil, plants alter their physiology, modify root growth and architecture, and close stomata on their aboveground segments. T…
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Efficient luminescent solar cells based on tailored mixed-cation perovskites Open
Researchers developed a perovskite solar cell with high power-conversion efficiency (>20%) and intense electroluminescence yield (0.5%).
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Perovskite solar cells with CuSCN hole extraction layers yield stabilized efficiencies greater than 20% Open
Transporter layers improve stability Although perovskite solar cells can have power conversion efficiencies exceeding 20%, they can have limited thermal and ultraviolet irradiation stability. This is in part because of the materials used t…
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Electrochemical ammonia synthesis via nitrate reduction on Fe single atom catalyst Open
Electrochemically converting nitrate, a widespread water pollutant, back to valuable ammonia is a green and delocalized route for ammonia synthesis, and can be an appealing and supplementary alternative to the Haber-Bosch process. However,…
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Improving photosynthesis and crop productivity by accelerating recovery from photoprotection Open
Faster light adaptation improves productivity Crop plants protect themselves from excess sunlight by dissipating some light energy as heat, readjusting their systems when shadier conditions prevail. But the photosynthetic systems do not ad…
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On the application of the tolerance factor to inorganic and hybrid halide perovskites: a revised system Open
Can new hybrid perovskites be predicted using the tolerance factor?
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Global Synthesis of Drought Effects on Maize and Wheat Production Open
Drought has been a major cause of agricultural disaster, yet how it affects the vulnerability of maize and wheat production in combination with several co-varying factors (i.e., phenological phases, agro-climatic regions, soil texture) rem…
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How Catalysts and Experimental Conditions Determine the Selective Hydroconversion of Furfural and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Open
Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural stand out as bridges connecting biomass raw materials to the biorefinery industry. Their reductive transformations by hydroconversion are key routes toward a wide variety of chemicals and biofuels, and …
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Osmotic adjustment is a prime drought stress adaptive engine in support of plant production Open
Osmotic adjustment (OA) and cellular compatible solute accumulation are widely recognized to have a role in plant adaptation to dehydration mainly through turgor maintenance and the protection of specific cellular functions by defined solu…
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Plant adaptation to drought stress Open
Plants in their natural habitats adapt to drought stress in the environment through a variety of mechanisms, ranging from transient responses to low soil moisture to major survival mechanisms of escape by early flowering in absence of seas…
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Can sub-Saharan Africa feed itself? Open
Significance The question whether sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can be self-sufficient in cereals by 2050 is of global relevance. Currently, SSA is amongst the (sub)continents with the largest gap between cereal consumption and production, wher…
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Yield stress materials in soft condensed matter Open
We present a comprehensive review of the physical behavior of yield stress materials in soft condensed matter, which encompass a broad range of materials from colloidal assemblies and gels to emulsions and non-Brownian suspensions. All the…
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The effects of climate extremes on global agricultural yields Open
Climate extremes, such as droughts or heat waves, can lead to harvest failures and threaten the livelihoods of agricultural producers and the food security of communities worldwide. Improving our understanding of their impacts on crop yiel…
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1.14*CM1A-LBCC: Localized Bond-Charge Corrected CM1A Charges for Condensed-Phase Simulations Open
The quality of the 1.14*CM1A and 1.20*CM5 charge models was evaluated for calculations of free energies of hydration. For a set of 426 neutral molecules, 1.14*CM1A and 1.20*CM5 yield MADs of 1.26 and 1.21 kcal/mol, respectively. The 1.14*C…
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Random Forests for Global and Regional Crop Yield Predictions Open
Accurate predictions of crop yield are critical for developing effective agricultural and food policies at the regional and global scales. We evaluated a machine-learning method, Random Forests (RF), for its ability to predict crop yield r…
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Two-dimensional Mo1.33C MXene with divacancy ordering prepared from parent 3D laminate with in-plane chemical ordering Open
The exploration of two-dimensional solids is an active area of materials discovery. Research in this area has given us structures spanning graphene to dichalcogenides, and more recently 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes). One of the cha…
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Splicing the active phases of copper/cobalt-based catalysts achieves high-rate tandem electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia Open
Electrocatalytic recycling of waste nitrate (NO 3 − ) to valuable ammonia (NH 3 ) at ambient conditions is a green and appealing alternative to the Haber−Bosch process. However, the reaction requires multi-step electron and proton transfer…
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How Valuable Is FinTech Innovation? Open
We provide large-scale evidence on the occurrence and value of FinTech innovation. Using data on patent filings from 2003 to 2017, we apply machine learning to identify and classify innovations by their underlying technologies. We find tha…
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Active hydrogen boosts electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia Open
Electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia is a promising alternative strategy to the traditional Haber-Bosch process but suffers from a low Faradaic efficiency and limited ammonia yield due to the sluggish multi-electron/proton-involved…
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Wheat yield loss attributable to heat waves, drought and water excess at the global, national and subnational scales Open
Heat waves and drought are often considered the most damaging climatic stressors for wheat. In this study, we characterize and attribute the effects of these climate extremes on wheat yield anomalies (at global and national scales) from 19…
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Controlling a Chemical Coupling Reaction on a Surface: Tools and Strategies for On-Surface Synthesis Open
On-surface synthesis is appearing as an extremely promising research field aimed at creating new organic materials. A large number of chemical reactions have been successfully demonstrated to take place directly on surfaces through unusual…
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Global meta-analysis of the relationship between soil organic matter and crop yields Open
Resilient, productive soils are necessary to sustainably intensify agriculture to increase yields while minimizing environmental harm. To conserve and regenerate productive soils, the need to maintain and build soil organic matter (SOM) ha…
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Atomically Dispersed Molybdenum Catalysts for Efficient Ambient Nitrogen Fixation Open
NH 3 synthesis by the electrocatalytic N 2 reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions is an appealing alternative to the currently employed industrial method—the Haber–Bosch process—that requires high temperature and pressure. We re…
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Aqueous Au-Pd colloids catalyze selective CH <sub>4</sub> oxidation to CH <sub>3</sub> OH with O <sub>2</sub> under mild conditions Open
A radical route from methane to methanol The conversion of methane into chemicals usually proceeds through high-temperature routes that first form more reactive carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Agarwal et al. report a low-temperature (50°C) r…
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Use of antibiotics in broiler production: Global impacts and alternatives Open
Antibiotics are used to fight bacterial infections. However, a selective pressure gave rise to bacteria resistant to antibiotics. This leaves scientists worried about the danger to human and animal health. Some strategies can be borrowed t…
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The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield: a quantitative synthesis Open
Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and…
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Reactivity Descriptors for the Activity of Molecular MN4 Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Open
Similarities are established between well‐known reactivity descriptors of metal electrodes for their activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the reactivity of molecular catalysts, in particular macrocyclic MN4 metal complexes c…
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Excessive rainfall leads to maize yield loss of a comparable magnitude to extreme drought in the United States Open
Increasing drought and extreme rainfall are major threats to maize production in the United States. However, compared to drought impact, the impact of excessive rainfall on crop yield remains unresolved. Here, we present observational evid…