Automotive engineering , along with aerospace engineering and naval
architecture, is a branch of vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of
mechanical, electrical, electronic, software, and safety engineering as
applied to the design, manufacture and operation of motorcycles, automobiles,
and trucks and their respective engineering subsystems. It also includes
modification of vehicles. Manufacturing domain deals with the creation and
assembling the whole parts of automobiles is also included in it. The
automotive engineering field is research intensive and involves direct
application of mathematical models and formulas.