Cardiac surgery , or cardiovascular surgery , is surgery on the heart
or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat
complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery
bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular
heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart
disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
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