Frontiers in Immunology • Vol 16
Prognostic value of kappa free light chain index in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis
2025
Background The kappa free light chain (κ-FLC) index is a well-established biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS). While the prognostic value of the κ-FLC index has been demonstrated in early relapsing–remitting MS, its prognostic value in primary progressive MS (PPMS) has not yet been investigated. Methods In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, patients diagnosed with PPMS with diagnostic lumbar puncture and clinical follow-up of at least 12 months were recruited from nine MS centers across five countries.…