Young Healthy Individuals With a First‐Degree Relative With Type 1 Diabetes Displayed Adverse Lipid Changes Article Swipe
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· 2025
· Open Access
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· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.70002
· OA: W4407061358
Aim Timeline of atherosclerosis in children with type 1 diabetes is unknown. We aimed to investigate if familial risk of type 1 diabetes is associated with pro‐atherosclerotic changes. Methods Young first‐degree relatives to patients with paediatric type 1 diabetes and sex and age matching controls were enrolled at Skåne University Hospital, Sweden between 2006 and 2015. Conventional lipids, human leukocyte antigen DQ2/8, inflammatory biomarkers, and history of respiratory infections were determined. Results A total of 117 first‐degree relatives and 43 controls were recruited (50% boys) at median of 13.4 years of age (IQR 8.0). Relatives had lower BMI Z ‐score ( p = 0.03) and frequency of respiratory infections ( p = 0.03) compared to controls, but higher low‐density lipoprotein (LDL, p = 0.04) and total cholesterol ( p = 0.01). In multivariable regression models adjusted for confounders LDL was 0.35 mmol/L higher (95% CI 0.10–0.61) and total cholesterol was 0.46 mmol/L higher (95% CI 0.15–0.77) in relatives. with ≥ 4 respiratory infections/year had higher LDL than controls with < 4 infections/year ( p = 0.035). Human leukocyte antigen DQ2/8 frequency and inflammatory biomarkers did not differ between groups. Conclusion Healthy young relatives to patients with type 1 diabetes display adverse lipid changes, probably related to their genetic susceptibility to this disease and recent respiratory infections.
