PROGRAMMING FOR DATA SCIENCE: PYTHON, R, SQL, AND NOSQL
2025
Programming is the backbone of modern data science, enabling practitioners to manipulate, analyze, and extract insights from vast and complex datasets. This chapter explores the essential roles of Python, R, SQL, and NoSQL technologies in the data science workflow. Python, with its extensive libraries such as NumPy, Pandas, and Scikit-learn, has become the most widely used language for data manipulation, machine learning, and automation due to its simplicity and versatility [1, 2]. R remains a powerful tool for st…