Description
A shaitan or shaytan (Arabic: شَيْطَان, romanized: šayṭān , Hebrew: שָׂטָן, "devil", "satan", or "demon", plural: šayāṭīn (شَيَاطِين)) is an evil spirit in Islam, inciting humans and the jinn to sin by "whispering" (وَسْوَسَة, waswasa ) in their hearts (قَلْب qalb ). Although invisible to humans, shayāṭīn are imagined to be ugly and grotesque creatures created from (hell-)fire.(p21)
The Quran speaks of various ways that the shayāṭīn tempt humans into sin. They may teach sorcery, float below the heavens to steal the news of the angels, or lurk near humans without being seen. Iblis, called ash-Shayṭān ("the Devil" or "Satan"), is their leader. Ḥadīth literature holds the shayāṭīn responsible for various calamities which may affect personal life. Both the ḥādīth literature and Arab folklore usually speak of the shayāṭīn in abstract terms, describing their evil influence only. During Ramadan, they are said to be chained in hell.
According to Muslim philosophical writings, the shayāṭīn struggle against the noble angels in the imaginal reality called 'ālam al-mithāl or 'ālam al-malakūt over the human mind, consisting of both angelic and devilish qualities. Some writers describe the shayāṭīn as expressions of God's fierce attributes and actions.
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