Trump V. Casa

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Trump v. CASA, Inc. , 606 U.S. ___ (2025), is a United States Supreme Court case addressing whether lower-court judges have the authority to issue "universal injunctions" to block the enforcement of policies nationwide. On June 27, 2025, the Court ruled in a 6–3 decision that universal injunctions were in excess of the judiciary power unless necessary to provide the formal plaintiff with "complete relief". Writing for the majority, Justice Amy Coney Barrett emphasized that "complete relief" for a plaintiff was distinct from "universal relief" impacting all similar situations nationwide.

While the case did not directly address birthright citizenship in the United States, it centered on several universal injunctions blocking Executive Order 14160, issued by President Donald Trump to redefine the government's understanding of the Citizenship Clause. Three district court judges issued universal preliminary injunctions to block the order nationwide while the cases proceeded through the legal system.

The government appealed to the Supreme Court arguing that district judges should only be allowed to block enforcement with respect to the specific challengers filing a given lawsuit. The Supreme Court consolidated the appeals into Trump v. CASA. In its ruling, the court issued partial stays on existing injunctions except for those that were parties to the cases.

The opinion did not address the constitutionality of the birthright citizenship executive order and left open the ability for plaintiffs to pursue class-wide relief through class action lawsuits.